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Hazards Technology and Fairness (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 65-71

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From page 65...
... Like NIOSH, OSHA acknowledged that the correlation between air lead levels and blood lead levels was not definitive. Available data simply did not permit a specification of a precise air lead level at which workers exposed to lead would have a mean blood level of 40 ,ug/100 g and a maximum blood level of 60 ,ug/ 100 g.
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From page 66...
... , the diagnosis is wrong or the method of establishing blood lead levels is inaccurate or the estimation was delayed for some time after the occurrence of the symptoms" (Lead Industries Association, 1976, p.
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From page 67...
... 610, 41831. The industry also rejected OSHA's assertion that a meaningful relationship could be drawn between ambient air lead levels and blood lead levels.
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From page 68...
... "To require the lead industry to spend millions of dollars for engineering controls which are likely to have no significant impact on employees' health is obviously wrong" (Lead Industries Association, 1976, p.524. Finally, the lead industry questioned OSHA's assumption regarding the feasibility of the proposed standard.
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From page 69...
... 17321. Vilma Hunt, citing the data on lead's impact on children, asserted: "If there is any good that can come from calamity, we now know that the biological response to lead of a heterogeneous population of children is increasingly manifest as pathological changes when the blood lead levels rise to 30 ,ug/100 ml.
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From page 70...
... Although it acknowledged that the use of protective equipment and administrative efforts might be necessary to supplement the control of ambient lead levels in air, they were viewed as inherently less effective and socially less desirable (OSHA, 1975, p.
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From page 71...
... 41341. Most important to labor and recognized by OSHA at the outset of its hearings was the necessity of a provision for medical removal protection with rate retention for those whose blood lead levels rose above the maximum permissible levels.
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Key Terms

  • lead exposure
  • lead standard
  • blood lead
  • lead industry
  • lead levels

  • air lead
  • industries association
  • lead industries
  • osha standard
  • lead level

  • proposed standard
  • blood level
  • engineering controls
  • removal protection
  • medical removal

  • blood levels
  • smelting industry
  • rate retention
  • lead intoxication
  • primary lead

  • lead smelting
  • industrial hygiene
  • lead toxicity
  • elevated blood
  • appropriate margin

  • levels below
  • workers exposed
  • biological monitoring
  • appropriate level
  • proposed lead


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