Amphibians Guidelines for the Breeding, Care and Management of Laboratory Animals (1974) / Chapter Skim
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II Classification and Description of Amphibians Commonly Used for Laboratory Research
II Classification and Description of Amphibians Commonly Used for Laboratory Research
Pages 12-26
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From page 12... ...
Only those species in which the literature indicates wide utilization in laboratory research in the United States are included below. Additional information on classification, distribution, identification, and life history may be found in Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 1971 et seq.)
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From page 13... ...
2. Order Caudata Modern salamanders or urodeles usually have slim bodies and tails, four limbs (except in Sirenidae, which has forelimbs only and is sometimes placed in a separate order, Trachystomata)
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From page 14... ...
maculatum has round light yellow or orange spots on a dorsal black ground color and a slate-blue ventral surface; this species occurs from Nova Scotia and central Ontario south to Georgia and eastern Texas. Marble
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From page 15... ...
This newt ranges from the maritime provinces of Canada to the Great Lakes southward to Florida and eastern Texas. Other species of the family Salamandridae sometimes used in laboratory studies include members of the genera Triturus (newts)
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From page 16... ...
The common name derives from the presence of small black curved claws on the inner three toes of the hind feet. The platanna is widely distributed in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert.
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From page 17... ...
Mature males have tympanic membranes about twice the diameter of the eye; in mature females these are approximately the same size as the eye. Males have heavy, darkly pigmented thumb pads in contrast to the more delicate, streamlined thumb of the female.
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From page 18... ...
Folio is an aquatic frog that ranges in the Coastal Plain from southern South Carolina to southeastern Texas and throughout Florida.
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From page 19... ...
FIGURE 7 The bronze frog Rana clamitans.
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From page 20... ...
top: a "northem frog"; bottom: the more pallid "Mexican frog." Note that the spots between the dorsolateral ridges of the northern frog tend to be circular in contrast to the transverse posterior spots in the corresponding area of the Mexican frog.
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From page 21... ...
Ordinarily, northern males have dark, thickened thumb pads, while southern males are so characterized only during the breeding season. The leopard frog is semiterrestrial and is found in shallow water habitats throughout its range; where protective cover occurs, it will often wander well away from water.
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From page 22... ...
. Under some circumstances northern frogs may hibernate below the frost line in the mud of swamps or in soft soil, but the usual behavior pattern is to migrate from swamps and fields to lakes and quiet streams, a migration that is reversed in the spring.
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From page 23... ...
The pickerel frog (Figure 9) has an overall appearance similar to some leopard frogs, but may be distinguished by the square dorsal spots arranged in two parallel rows down the back and by the bright yellow or orange color on the concealed surface of the hind legs.
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From page 24... ...
A denizen of moist woodlands, this frog may wander for considerable distances away from ponds and spends little time in the water except to breed. Wood frogs occur from the tundra of Labrador and Alaska south to the southern Appalachians with isolated populations in Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, and the Ozarks.
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From page 25... ...
In nature this species has a highly variable color pattern ranging from a dull solid brown to bright green dorsum or various patterning of these colors, often overlaid with black markings. The ventral surface is generally red with a variable number of irregular black markings.
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From page 26... ...
Mature females have enlarged abdomens and rounder snouts, and the dorsal "warts" are lower in profile than in the males. Mature males have black pin-point spots (0.1-0.2 mm)
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