Using Oil Spill Dispersants on the Sea (1989) / Chapter Skim
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6 Technical Basis of Decision Making
6 Technical Basis of Decision Making
Pages 239-253
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From page 239... ...
For small, medium, and most large spills, dispersed oil concentrations in open waters tend to decrease rapidly owing to tidal currents and other transport processes. ~ Very large spills, such as Bloc I, may introduce such a large, continuous flow of oft that normal, open-sea current cannot provide rapid dispersal.
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From page 240... ...
. Dissolved hydrocarbons in the water column after dispersion of an oil slick are largely limited to areas close to the spin source, because most of the volatile and soluble hydrocarbons in the oil evaporate rapidly from the slick before dispersion.
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From page 241... ...
Since inaction in undertaking spin treatment may cause the greatest environmental harm, the environmental assessment data and information base should be sufficient, and operational scenarios that include this information should be understood and accepted as part of prespill planning. The desirable objective in the decision-making process is to be able to focus on operational details, such as the location of aircraft and boats relative to the spill, at the time of an accidental spill.
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From page 242... ...
Monitoring, control, and evaluation usually can best be done from the air by spotter aircraft. Thus, operations, whether by skimmers, spray boats, or spray aircraft, are limited to daylight Bent adequate flying conditions.
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From page 243... ...
Higher dispersant application rates might be required, and correspondingly larger spray capabilities required for oils that are not so readily dispersible. Because water-in-oi} emulsion formation hinders or prevents effective chemical dispersion, to be effective, of} slicks should be sprayed before the oil incorporates water.
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From page 244... ...
—relative sensitivities, local priorities for protection, and relative importance, that is, to the resource management agencies; · available dispersants and storage locations dispersant properties and performance with oils of concern, and appropriate app~ication rates; · available equipment- type and location, with proper calibration for dispersants to be used, and availability of adequately trained operators; and monitoring—available means to monitor dispersant application and their effectiveness, other appropriate measurements or observations, needed instruments, and trained operators. Additional site-specific data are also needed, such as spin location, volume and type of oil, and local meteorological and hydrograph~c information.
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From page 245... ...
It is based on the concept that spraying the of] slick will have little or no adverse biological effects based on a comparison of field hydrocarbon exposures with laboratory bioassays and behavioral studies.
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From page 246... ...
4300 ALLOW FOR NATURAL REMOVAL AND CONTINUE SURVEILLANCE USING OIL SPILL DISPERSANTS ON THE SEA Ayes 1800 IS THE SEA STATE -yes GREATER THAN 3?
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From page 247... ...
Mechanical cleanup and spray boat personnel must be protected from volatile hydrocarbons when operating in an oil slick downwind near, for example, a wed blowout. Special precautions must be taken if the of]
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From page 248... ...
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From page 249... ...
No guidance is given on dispersant application rates, effects of weather conditions, spin size, or of! condition.
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From page 251... ...
- ~ TREAT ONSHORE ~ YES WILL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHEMICAL DISPERSION BE LESS THAN THOSE OCCURRING WITHOUT CHEMICAL DISPERSION? REQUEST APPROVAL FOR / USE OF DISPERSANTS USING ATTACHED PROCEDURES YE~\NO \ TREAT ONSHORE NOTE: Immediate threat to life PREEMPTS the necessity to use this matrix.
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From page 252... ...
the U.S. EPA Oil Spill Response Decision Tree (Figure 6-1)
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From page 253... ...
EPA computerized Oil Spill Response Decision Tree and the Alaska decision matrix, which is designed as a means of regulating and controlling dispersant use.
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