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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Evaluation of Sources and Effects (1983) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIX B: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE
Pages 415-420

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From page 415...
... Studying the problem directly proves difficult, because one must he especially careful to ensure that an observed effect is not attributable to differences in smoking habits between high- and low-pollution areas. The lung-cancer incidence is affected not only by the number of cigarettes smoked, but by the tar content of the cigarettes, by how far down the cigarette is smoked, and by smokers' ages at starting to smoke and at stopping (if ever)
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From page 416...
... With this information and comparative information on the smoking habits of the exposed and nonexposed workers, we can estimate the absolute risk from such exposure. Unfortunately, only one occupational study with high exposure to a PAH-containing mixture supplied even this minimal information.l° UNITED KINGDOM GASWORKERS .
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From page 417...
... This led to a 1427 increase in the rate of lung cancer over "background, an estimate roughly 90% of which was caused by the meets smoking habits. If we assume that the relation between duration of exposure and lung cancer risk is the same for gasworks exposure as it is for cigarettesmoking and that the men started work and started to smoke regularly at roughly the same age, we may write (in lung-cancer terms)
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From page 418...
... found average BaP concentrations on the battery roof of a coke-manufacturing plant of 6, 700 ng/m . If this is taken as the BaP exposure of the topside workers, these estimates of lung-cancer risk are remarkably compatible with those from the study of British carbonization workers.
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From page 419...
... 1 , ,~ These men were exposed to more diesel emission than other LTA employees, but they showed no greater risk of lung cancer than the other employees. No detailed information on the garage workers' duration of exposure to diesel fumes has been published, but the concentration of smoke was measured inside and outside selected garage s.2, 1 Waller41 concluded that "the indications are that the overall exposure of garage workers to benzota]
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From page 420...
... is perhaps unique, in that he not only measured air pollution, but also addressed the issue of long-term smoking habits. The air pollution in the two areas was measured in terms of average BaP concentration over a 2-yr period starting in October 1954: the average BaP concentration in the air was 6.7 ng/m3 in the rural area and 59.2 ng/m3 in the urban area.
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Key Terms

  • smoking habits
  • average bap
  • carbonization workers
  • nonexposed workers
  • bap exposure

  • implicitly assumes
  • occupational studies
  • occupational exposure
  • death certification
  • additional risk

  • excess lung
  • additive model
  • british carbonization
  • bap concentration
  • current smoking

  • measured inside
  • correct model
  • valid comparison
  • comparison study
  • ferent job

  • sometimes referred
  • urban excess
  • simply result
  • average air
  • occupationally induced

  • remarkably compatible
  • increased rates
  • estimate appears
  • smoke regularly
  • lta workers


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