Problems and Opportunities in the Design of Entrances to Ports and Harbors Proceedings of a Symposium (1981) / Chapter Skim
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The Workshops
The Workshops
Pages 157-166
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From page 157... ...
Herbich The purpose of this meeting was to gain a clearer picture of the principal factors affecting the design of entrances to ports and harbors, and their interaction. To further this purpose, the workshops were structured by the panel to elicit as much of the experience, training, and informed opinion represented by the assembled participants as possible in identifying outstanding problems requiring solution.
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From page 158... ...
, Complex, three-dimensional currents, Waves on lateral and vertical motions in restricted waters, Passing ships, Tugs and other auxiliary devices; -- Scale effects associated with physical models. Research Objectives Addressing the weaknesses of existing models, as listed above in approximately their order of importance, constitutes a preliminary re~earob program.
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From page 159... ...
. Research Objectives The research program conducted to address these needs should determine what improvements are needed in: -- Accuracy, -- Automatic analysis techniques, -- Storage and retrieval techniques and procedures, -- Display, and -- Instrumentation
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From page 160... ...
The information to be provided is critical to the rational design of safe and efficient harbor entrances; for example, the basic forcing functions for ship-motion modeling, determination of maintenance dredging requirements, and ability to evaluate alternative designs and assess environmental effects. Researab Obi ectives The general needs to be addressed are tbose leading to improvements in the test data, numerical techniques, "caring techniques, physical processes, and forcing functions for each parameter and the interactions between parameters.
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From page 161... ...
Does it stay put or move? -- Relationships between dredge-disposal islands, the alteration of traditional flow patterns, and consequential biological effects on estuarine organisms; -- Effects of deep-water disposal on benthic communities and biochemical cycles; -- Potential methods of increasing the productivity of bottoms through the controlled use of dredged materials; -- Alternative uses of dredged materials -- for example, beach nourishment, and fill acquisition; -- Use of dredged materials for the development of needed habitats; -- New methods for reducing dredging costs; -- Effective dissemination of the results of the Dredged Materials Researab Program carried out by the Waterways Experiment Station; and -- Processing and treatment of dredged materials for disposal.
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From page 162... ...
Such criteria must include: -- Ship types, sizer, and traffic densities, -- Appropriate aids to navigation, and -- Expected operating equipment, in terms of wave", currents, winds, and tidal range. Data for existing and projected entrance channels are insufficient to predict: -- Waves, swells, and sea conditions, -- Currents, -- Tidal heights, -- Salinity, -- Sinkage and trim, -- Vertical ship motions, -- Vessel draft, and -- Bank effects.
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From page 163... ...
selection of the best methods and procedures for studies directed to fixing the horizontal dimensions; -- Development of a mathematical formula to enable prediction of acceptable ship sizes and load conditions for given wind, tidal, sea/swell measurements, based on the horizontal dimensions of the entrance; and -- Similarly, development of statistical formulae to enable prediction of acceptable drafts.
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From page 164... ...
Research Objectives The research program designed to investigate and quantify the needs of the mariner should: -- Develop and validate mathematical models of vessel behavior characteristics and the effectiveness of aids to navigation; -- Conduct studies of the human-factors aspects of vessel control, and of the use of charts and aid; and -- Combine the results of these and other studies to develop simulator and physical models of existing and projected harbor entrances.
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From page 165... ...
11. EVALUATION OF COASTAL-RESOURCE VALUES IN HARBOR SITING, AND RESTORATION OF HAB ITATS Natural-resource values should be evaluated to ensure their proper consideration in siting and design of harbors: their determination, evaluation of their significance, and assessment is essential to achieving proper balance among environmental, economic, and other social values in decision making.
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