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Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology (1989) / Chapter Skim
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12. Biologic Markers of Genetic Damage in Females
Pages 163-168

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From page 163...
... This chapter focuses on markers of genotoxic damage to somatic cells and to germ cells and briefly discusses ovotoxicity. Biologic markers are discussed under the general headings of exposure to toxicants, oocyte toxicity, markers of genotoxic damage or repair, and markers of mutational events.
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From page 164...
... MARKERS OF OOCYTE TOXICITY Species apparently differ substantially in oocyte sensitivity to toxicants, molecular target within oocytes, and susceptible stages of development. During human fetal life, oogenesis is a sensitive period for exposure to ovotoxicants, because germ cells damaged during this period can not be replaced and the cells are metabolically active.
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From page 165...
... and ultrasound evaluation of ovarian size to detect gross changes. Some of the new DNA technology may potentially provide useful tools for detecting subtle changes in ovarian function; for example, ovarian DNA probes enable the measurement of gonadal peptides (Mason et al., 1985~.
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From page 166...
... Conflicting findings suggest that SCEs are uncertain indicators of in utero exposure or markers of fetal damage. MARKERS OF MUTATIONAL EVENTS In considering mutational events, chromosomal lesions and point mutations are of interest.
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From page 167...
... The resulting data place the background frequency of oocyte chromosomal anomalies at 50%, but the estimate is limited by the select nature and small size of the population studied and 167 by the unknown effect of ovulation induction. However, those limitations do not preclude using IVF materials to examine cytogenetic characteristics of the egg in relation to successful fertilization and implantation.
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From page 168...
... FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY Specific-Locus Mutations Standardized tests to detect specificlocus mutations in somatic cells are only beginning to be available. Mutation rates may be lower in germ cells than in somatic cells, because of differences in repair rates.
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Key Terms

  • dna adducts
  • somatic cells
  • genetic damage
  • chromosomal aberrations
  • female germ

  • mutational events
  • dna synthesis
  • chemical analyses
  • female reproductive
  • chromosomal damage

  • mutagenesis assays
  • germ cell
  • unscheduled dna
  • utero exposure
  • chromosomal lesions

  • female reproduction
  • biologic markers
  • fetal liver
  • chromosomal abnormalities
  • genotoxic damage

  • relied heavily
  • blood cells
  • cell damage
  • metabolically active
  • oocyte atresia

  • chromosomal anomalies
  • laboratory animals
  • detect adducts
  • follicular fluid
  • assays require


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