Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology (1989) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
14. Biologic Markers of Nonconceptive Menstrual Cycles
14. Biologic Markers of Nonconceptive Menstrual Cycles
Pages 179-186
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 179... ...
· The lack of a reliable epidemiologic data base on reproductive events or con tinuing surveillance of reproductive with the reproductive cycle—such as markers in the general population. basal body temperatures, cervical mucus The only reproductive tract fluid so far studied for the purpose of biologic markers is follicular fluid collected from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET)
|
From page 180... ...
The menstrual effluent comprises autolyzed endometrium, tissue fluid, and blood that has undergone clotting and lysis. Passage of excessive blood clots with the menstrual flow is unusual in ovulatory cycles, unless mechanical problems, such as endometrial polyps or leiomyomata, are present.
|
From page 181... ...
Healthy women occasionally experience anovulatory menstrual cycles that may be accompanied by altered menstrual cycle length and character but without longterm changes in fertility. Episodic toxic exposure might be analogous in effect to short-term use of oral contraceptives, which temporarily prevent ovulation but have no lasting anovulatory effect (Golditch, 1972; Jacobs et al., 1977; Tolis et al., 1979; Henzl, 1986~.
|
From page 182... ...
, and gonadal regulatory peptides (inhibin and activin) (Tables Marty of the reproductive cycle is detected, characterization of a specific alteration in the hormonal profile is usually TABLE 1~3 Potential Biochemical Markers of Reproductive Toxicity for Evaluation In Viva Origin Biologic Markers Comments Central nervous system Pituitary Ovary Fallopian tube Uterus Cervix Vagina Neurotransmitters -Luteinizing hormone, follicle- stimu tat ing hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroidstimulating hormone, growth hormone Steroids: estradiol, estrone, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione Regulatory factors: relaxin, progestinassociated endometrial protein (PEP)
|
From page 183... ...
1976; Soules et al., 1977; Rosenfeld et That steroid has various biophysical efal., 1980; Radwanska et al., 1981; Gravanis et al., 1984~. Character of Menstrual Flow In a normal genital tract, menses is the inevitable result of a nonconceptive ovulatory cycle.
|
From page 184... ...
No method is universally accepted but several serum measurements of progesterone In the luteal phase would characterize the function of the corpus luteum. Basal Body-Temperature Shift Progesterone is a thermogenic hormone; when circulating concentrations rise above about 2-3 ng/ml, the basal body temperature rises by approximately 0.5°C, until the demise of the corpus luteum just before menses.
|
From page 185... ...
Follicular fluid, granulosa cells, oocytes, and other reproductive tract materials are readily available for routine study from surgical specimens. Evaluating cellular physiology in vitro permits the effects of environmental agents on biochemical events of the normal menstrual cycle to be investigated.
|
From page 186... ...
Environmental agents whose pharmacologic action is expected to be similar to that of contraceptives should be regarded as potential reproductive toxicants. Theoretical validation of the markers of reproductive toxicity noted above also can be accomplished by considering therapeutic agents used for contraception.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.