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Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 381-396

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From page 381...
... , 103, 307 Adipose tissue, 181, 183, 251, 266, 267, 270 Adluminal compartment, seminiferous epithelium, 52, 53 Adrenal glands, 154 - 155, 207, 208, 211 - 212, 270 Adrenarche, 154 - 155, 170 Adrenocorticotropin (ACI~H) , fetal, 208, 260 Adriamycin, 98 AFT, see Alpha-fetoprotein Agarose gel electrophoresis, 132 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2, 16, 202 Agglutination, sperm, 97 381 Aging, female, markers of, 8, 159 - 161,169 - 177,199 - 200, 202 AHH, see Arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase AIDS virus, 306 Albumin, 68, 70, 267 Alcohol, 15, 16, 43, 51, 283 and male reproductive function, 43, 51 neurodevelopmental effects, 293, 294 and pregnancy, 213, 242 Aldosterone, 74 ALkaline elusion, sperm-DNA, 137 - 138, 145 Alkaline phosphatase, 257 Allergic reactions, sperm and, 94 Allogeneic recognition reactions, 216, 220 Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
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From page 382...
... , 51 - 52 Aromatase activity, ovarian, 157 - 158 Arsenic, 289 Artificial insemination, 195 Arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) , 250, 262, 268, 269, 271, 272 Aspartate, 278 Aspartyl amidase, 103 Aspermia, 89 Asthenospermia, 85, 95 Atherosclerosis, 27 Atomic bomb survivors, 120, 126, 128, 129, 167, 168 ATP, see Adenosine triphosphate Atresia follicular, 157 oocyte, 164 physiologic, 150 Attention, 287 Auditory discrimination, 286 - 287, 294, 295 Autism, 284 Autoanti-idiotypic antibodies, 216, 217, 218 INDEX Autoimmunity, 219 Axons, 273, 274 Azaguan~ne, 168 Azathioprine, 242 Azoospermia, 45, 90 A-Z pregnancy test, 187 B Bacteria, amniotic fluid, 253 Basal body temperature, 18G, 184 Basal cells, epididymal, 71 Basal compartment, seminiferous epithelium, 52 Basal plate, 215, 220 Basket cells, microneuronal, 282 Basophilic stippling, 301 Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 287, 292 B cells, 305, 306 Behavioral teratology, 266, 281 - 288, 291 - 295 Bender-Gestalt test, 287 Benzoapyrene, 160, 252, 271 Benzodiazepine, 280 Beta-adrener~c, 257 Beta-chorionic gonadotrophin, 85 Beta-glucuronidase, 103 Beta-microglobulin, 21 Beta-thalassemia, 212 Bilirubin, 244, 270 Binucleation, trophoblast, 232, 235 Biologically effective dose, 18 - 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 34 "Biophysical profile," fetal, 246 Biopsy, 112 bone, 298, 306 chorionic, 22, 211, 244, 248, 269 endometrial, 184, 185 epididymal, 71 fetal, 245, 250, 251, 253, 262 placental, 271, 272 prostate, 79 skin, 220 testicular, 83, 89 Biparietal diameter, 243 Birthdaj~ Trust (U.K.)
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From page 383...
... glands, 77, 78, 79 , 80 C Cadmium, 249, 251, 305 Caffeine metabolism, 271, 272 Cajal-Retzius cells, 277 Calcium, 75 Calcium-binding proteins, 279 Cancer chemotherapy and genetic damage, 107, 109,120127, 128, 129 chemotherapy and reproductive function, 48, 49, 50, 51, 120, 164, 253 DES and, 169 lung, 268 prostatic, 77 - 78 risk of, 26 - 27 Cannabis, see Marijuana Capacitation, sperm, 100 - 101, 101, 103 Cap spermatids, 57 Caput epididymis, 63, 67, 68, 70, 75, 76 Carbohydrate, 98 Carbon 3, 251, 253, 260, 272 Carbon monoxide, 21, 286 Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) , 21 Carboxymethylase, 101 Carcinogens, 17, 21, 80, 109, 169, 214 - 215 Cardiovascular disease, 27, 198 Cardiovascular function, fetal, fig.
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From page 384...
... , 49, 306 Computer techniques, 69, 95, 126 Concanavalin A, 306 Conception, 7, 223, 225, 239 Cone cells, ectoplacental, 225, 235, 236 - 237 Conjunctivitis, 270 Continuous Performance Test, 287 Contraception, 39 Contraceptives after sexual assault, 158, 186 male, 39 oral, 158, 171, 181 reproductive effects of, 190 - 191, 195 Contractions, uterine, 247 - 248 Cordocentesis, 246, 247 Corona-penetrating enzyme (CPE) , 103 Corpus epididymis, 63, 66, 67, 70 Corpus luteum, 193, 194 in ovarian function, 157 - 158, 183 - 184, 187 in pregnancy, 158, 234, 237 Cortical neurons, 283 Cortisol, 173, 208 Cotinine, 269 Coulter counter, 89 Cowper's glands, 77 Cows, 237 Crohn's disease, 44 Cry reflex, 292 Cumulus cells, 94, 96, 100, 120 Cyclases, 279 Cycle Detector Program, 171 Cyclophosphamide, 71, 76, 80 INDEX Cystic fibrosis, 211 Cytochrome c, 57, 59 Cytochrome P-450, 252, 268, 269, 271, 272 Cytogenesis, central nervous system, 273, 274 - 276 Cytogenetic damage, 109 - 110, 113, 115, 135 - 140 Cytokeratin, 224, 231, 236 Cytometry, 101, 128, 138 Cytoplasmic droplets, 65, 71 Cytoplasmic receptor, epididymal, 73 Cytosine, 132 Cytoskeletal proteins, 236, 240 Cytosolic receptors, 268 Cytotoxicity, 109 Cytotrophoblast, 211, 215, 217, 220, 231, 233, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 259, 261 see also Trophoblast D Dag effect, 93 Data base, national, 204 DBCP (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane)
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From page 385...
... See Epidermal growth factor Ejaculation motility physical characteristics of, 88, 95 retrograde, 44, 45 see also Semen; Sperm Electronic cell-counting, 67 Electronic fetal heart-rate monitonng, 247 - 248 Electrophilic tomcants, 269 - 270 385 Electrophoresis, 66, 70, 112, 117, 124 - 126, 129 - 130, 132-135 Embryo CNS development, 274 early development of, 206, 207 - 209, 223, 224 - 225, 231 - 234 markers of, 9 - 11, 254, 256, 257, 259 toxic effects on, 207 - 209, 215 - 218 see also Fetus Endocrine function, 169, 185 DDT and, 153 - 154 fetal, 209, 236 markers of CNS development, 304 - 306 Endometrium, uterine, 181, 183, 259 in early pregnancy, 209, 225 - 231, 256 and menstrual cycle, 184 - 185, 186 Endoreduplication, 229, 233, 235, 236 - 237 Endothelial cells, brain, 283 Enkephalins, 277, 285 Entactin, 229, 259 Enyme-linked ~mmunosorbent assay (ELISA) , 101, 103, 192 Enzymes induction of, 266, 268, 269 - 270, 271 lysosomal, 65 and mutations, 112, 117, 128, 129, 132 neuronal, 276 - 279 in pregnancy, 80, 208, 227, 233, 235, 268 - 270 proteolytic, 235 uterine, 227 see also specif c enzymes Eosinophils, 221 Ependymal zone, neural, 275, 276 EPF, see Early pregnancy factor Epidemiology, 17, 27, 84 - 88, 126 - 127, 187 - 195, 197 Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
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From page 386...
... 91, 145 - 146, 255 - 261,267 - 272 genotoxic, 164, 165 - 166 to lead, 16, 25, 50, 85 - 86,177,249,253,283,285,287, 293-295, 297-302, 305 pharmacodynamic, 266~272 pharmacokinetic, 247 - 251, 260267 in pregnancy, 212 - 213, 255 - 259, 262 public health and, 255 Extragonadal reserves, sperm, 92 Eye, neural development, 275 F Factor V, 217 Fallopian tubes, 150, 151, 180, 181, 182, 183, 206 Fat, 266 267, 270 Febrile diseases, 94 Femur length, 243 Ferrochelatase, 298, 300 Fertility, 1, 7, 15, 23, 55, 195 epidemiologic studies of, 84 - 85 female, 84 - 85, 9097, 150, 159, fig. 160, 164, 171, 218 - 219, 221 male, 6, 30, 39, 40,42,43 - 46,84 - 88,92, 98, 104, 135 sperm markers of, 6, 89 - 95, 144 status, 40, 84 - 85, 144 Fertilization, 8 - 9, 68 - 69, 101 - 103, 159, 193, 200, 206 Fetal alcohol syndrome, 43, 289 Fetal death, see Abortion, spontaneous Fetal hydantoin syndrome, 289 Fetoscopy, 245, 258, 262 Fetus blood and tissue sampling, 245, 248 cardiovascular function, 208, 243, 245 - 246,258, 260 development of, 166, 207 - 209, 234 - 235, 261 - 262 INDEX effects of drugs on, 242 markers of, 9 - 11, 187 - 195, 197 - 198, 219—221, 241 - 246, 256, 257-258, 267 measurement of, 245 neural tube defects in, 311 - 312,pg.
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From page 387...
... See Human chorionic gonadotropin Hearing defects, 286 287, 294 Heart rate, 292 fetal, 208, 243, 245 - 246, 260, 262 Heavy metals, 249 - 251; see also specific heavy metal Hemacytometric sperm count, 67 Hematopoietic system, 274 Heme production, 298, 301 Hemocytometer, 89 Hemoglobin, 124, 165, 212 Hemolytic disease, 244 Hemophilia, 119, 123 Heparin sulfate proteoglycan, 230 Heritable mutations, see Genetic damage and heritable mutations Heritable-translocation mutation test, 108, 113, 167 Heroin, 242 synthetic, 170 Hexachlorobenzene, 164 Hexane, 286, 287 High-speed videomicrography, 67 Hippocampus, 276, 283 Histidine, 164 Histocompatibility antigens, 215, 217, 218 - 219 Histogenesis, 296 Histology, epididymal, 71 - 72 Histones, 59 - 60, 97 hLA, see Human leukocyte antigens HMW-SV protein, 104 Homovanillic acid (HVA) , 12, 285 Hormones, see specific honnones Hot flushes, 160, 169 hPL, see Placental lactogens hPRL, see Human prolactin HPRT, see Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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From page 388...
... 160 Hyaluronidase, 103 Hybridization, subtractive, 132 Hydrostatic pressure, epididymal, 67 - 68 Hydroxyl radicals, 285 Hyperactivity, 12, 282, 284, 288, 290 Hyperplasia, 159 adrenal, 212 prostatic, 77 Hypertension, 27, 44 Hypertrophy, 66 Hypervitaminosis A, 283 Hypogonadism, 51 Hypogonadotropic eunuchoidism, 43 Hypo-osmotic shock, 96 Hypoplasia, microneuronal, 282, 283 Hypothalamus, 175, 182, 304 - 305 development of, 151 - 155, 201, 202 female reproductive function markers, 170, 181 male reproductive function markers, 52, 53, 54 Hypothyroidism, 244 Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) , 128 Hypoxanthinephosphoribosyltransferase(HPRl)
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From page 389...
... , 219 Mammalian germline WIGS test systems, 107, 109 Manganese, 251 Marijuana, see Cannabis Maternal-fetal interactions, 219 - 221, 267 - 269 389 Matrix cell layer, neural, 275 MBP, see Major basic protein Meiosis cytogenetic analysis of, 139 - 140 in oogenesis, 149 - 150, 167 in spermatogenesis, 58 - 61, 97, 135, 139 Membrane, sperm cell, 94 - 95, 96, 98 Menarche, 152 - 154 Menopausal gonadotropin, human (hMG) , 155 Menopause, 159 - 161, 169, 172, 202 Menstrual function, 30, 9~6, 152 - 155,171,177,179 - 186, 200, 201, 202 Mental retardation, 123, 126, 294 Meperidine, 285 Mercury, 222, 242, 243, 244, 249 and cyclic ovarian function, 158 neuromotor effects, 207, 286, 287, 293, 294, 295, 305 in pharmacokinetics, 249 - 250, 251 Mesencephalon, 277 Mesonephric duct, 151 Mesoneurons, 275 - 276 Metabolism, 16, 19, 22, 28, 258, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272, 300 Metalloproteins, 80 Metals, see specific metals Metencephalon, 275 Methadone, 80, 88 neuromotor effects, 293, 294, 295 Methotrexate, 240 Methyl # chloride, 76 Methylbutylketone, 287 MethylmercuIy, 207, 242 Methylnitrosourea, 76 Met;~yl~phenyl~tetlabydropyridine (MPIP)
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From page 390...
... , 53 - 54, 201 Mumps, 44, 172 Murine leukemia virus (MuLV) , 116 Muscle tone, in neurobehavioral evaluation, 292 Muscular contractions, 67, 94 Muscular dystrophy, Duchenne-type, 119, 12, 211 Mutant proteins, 124 - 126 Mutations, see Genetic damage and heritable mutations Myelencephalon, 275 Myelin development, 286 Myometrium, uterine, 180, 181, 183, 228 National Bureau of Standards, 25 National Center for Health Statistics, 195, 202 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 13 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2, 17 National Institute of Health, 242 Neonatal abstinence syndrome, 293 Nephrosis, 244 Netherlands, 177 Neural epithelium, 274 - 275, 284 Neural tube defects (NTD)
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From page 391...
... See Pro-opiomelanocortin Population studies, implementation of biologic markers in, 28~29 Porphyria, 268 Positron emission tomography (PE1) , 306 Post-coital test, 96 Potassium, 70, 227 Predictive value of markers, 17, 22 - 24, 313 - 316 Pregnancy cell biology of, 223 - 240 drug exposure during, 242, 290 hCG as marker of, 7, 158, 187 - 195, 223, 240, 257, 259, 260, 261 hormone production and, 158 immunology of, 215 - 222 loss, tests to determine markers of, 218 - 219 maIkers of, 9 - 11,3~31, kg.
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From page 392...
... , 101, 188, 189, 212, 238 Radiotherapy, 142 Rapid-eye-movement sleep, 290 Rats conception and pregnancy, fib. 231, 233, 237 female reproductive function, 153, 159, 169, 171, 202, 227-228, 235 male reproductive function, 51, 53, 54 - 55,65,67,75, 80 81 mutagen exposed, 42, 109, 153 - 154,281 - 283,290 296 neural development, 274, 276 neurotoxicant exposed, 173 - 174, 175 steroidogenesis, 234 testosterone in, 201 Recessive lethal mutations, 112 Recombinant-DNA technology, 88, 101, 104 - 105,237, 240, 259, 260 Red blood cells, 127, 128 - 129, 168, 307 Research INDEX causal inferences in, 301 - 302 female reproductive function, 198 - 202, 253 - 262 on genetic toxicity, 115 - 118, 144 146 on germ cell markers, 57 - 62 male reproductive function, 49, 51 - 54,8~8,98 - 104, 142 - 144 on neurodevelopmental markers, 303 - 307 validation of markers, 23 - 26, 147 Reserpine, 173, 242, 290 Restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP)
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From page 393...
... , 85 Startle reflex, 290291 Stellate cells, microneuronal, 282 Stem cells, 87, 89 DNA probes, 61 - 62 mutagen-exposed, 108 - 109, 127, 136, 145 renewal of, 47, 54, 56, 93 Stereologic imaging, 50, 53, 56, 79 Steroid hormones biosynthesis and metabolism of, 75, 271 in conception and pregnancy, 206, 208 209, 220225, 229 - 230, 234 - 236,fig. 234, 256, 259, 260 female reproductive, lS1 - 152, 155 - 160, 169, 170, 173, 180, 182, 184 male reproductive, 5052, 64, 70, 72, 75 - 77, 83 trophic, 277 trophoblast, 234, 237, 261 see also specific hone ones Steroidogenesis, 51 - 52, 180, 183, 185, 234, 237 Stress, 153, 170, 181, 201 Stromal cells, 79, 181 uterine, 224, 225, 227, 228~230, 235, 301 Subcutaneous fat, 267 Substance P
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From page 394...
... 32, 149 - 202 and fetal development, see Embryo; Fetus and genetic damage, 97 - 98,107 - 118,140, 211 - 212, see Genetic damage and heritable mutations long-term tissue and cell storage in analysis of, 29 male accessory sex organs and, 64, 70, 72, 77 - 81,143 male reproductive, 29 - 30,pg. 31, 39 - 146 neurodevelopmental, 30,{& 34,173 - 176,177,2~307 national data base for, proposed, 202 and nonconcept*
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From page 395...
... 226, 228, 229, 231, 233, 259 interstitial tissues, 222 luminal fluid, 180, 185 stromal cells, 224, 225, fig. 227, 228 - 230, 231, 235 V Vagina, 255, 256 in early pregnancy, 230 - 231 embryologic development of, 150, 151 as menstrual cycle marker, 180, 181, 182, 184 tumors of, 207 Validation of markers animal models, 24 criteria for, 40, 145, 185 - 186, 311 - 316 markers of specific exposures, 25 - 26 quality assurance, 2~25 sensitivity and specificity, 23 - 24 uses, 24 Valproate, 10 Vancocele, 72 395 Vas deferens, 63, 65, 72, 77, 79, 92 Vasectomy, 72 Vasography, 89 Vasopressin, 67 Ventral wall defects, 312, 315 Viability, sperm, 96 Vibration sense, 287 Vi de omi orography, 69 , 99 vimentin, 229 Vincrist in e, 28 7 Viral infections, 44, 90, 169 Viscosity, semen, 88 Visual impairments, 283 - 284, 286, 287, 294 Vitamin A, 75, 283 Vitamin D, 64, 70, 75 Von Economo's disease, 169 W Warfarin, 242 Wastewater treatment chemicals, 127 Wechsler Intelligence Scales, 287 Weight loss, in pregnancy, 268 White blood cells, 88, 127 - 128 WISC-R test, 287 World Health Organization, 13 World War II, 177 X Xenobiotics, see Tomcants X-ray fluorescence of bone, 298, 299, 305 Xylene, 286 A y Y-chromosomal aneuploidy, 98 YFF' test, 98, 139 z Zinc, 80 Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP)
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Key Terms

  • reproductive function
  • male reproductive
  • heritable mutations
  • gel electrophoresis
  • female reproductive

  • epididymal function
  • human chorionic
  • chorionic gonadotropin
  • neuromotor effects
  • central nervous

  • cytogenetic analysis
  • biologic markers
  • blood cells
  • embryologic development
  • epidermolysis bullosa

  • neural tube
  • leukocyte antigens
  • menstrual cycle
  • ovarian function
  • placental lactogens

  • vas deferens
  • major basic
  • seminiferous epithelium
  • hormone production
  • cohort studies

  • human leukocyte
  • white blood
  • neural development
  • recessive lethal
  • phosphoribosyl transferase


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