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Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology (1989) / Chapter Skim
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3. Clinical Evaluation of Male Infertility
Pages 43-46

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From page 43...
... Some of the assessments noted here are discussed in detail in later chapters, notably, organ size and semen analysis. MEDICAL HISTORY Markers used to assess pubertal changes include growth spurt, development of facial hair, time when shaving began and shaving frequency, penile growth, nocturnal emission, and desire to masturbate.
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From page 44...
... PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Clinical signs that might be used as markers include eunuchoidal skeletal measurements; pattern of facial, body, and pubic hair; penile growth; size of testes; and size of prostate. When damage to the reproductive system begins before or around puberty, eunuchoidal features might be present, including an abnormal ABLE REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY ratio of arm span to height (arm span at least 5 cm greater than height and distance from symphysis pubis to floor at least 5 cm greater than distance from symphysis pubis to top of skull)
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From page 45...
... If more sophisticated hardware and software are not available, automated technologies can be obtained commercially, as well as special counting chambers, to facilitate the determination of motility (Jequier, 1986~. Normally, at least 45% of the sperm should be moving forward rapidly.
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From page 46...
... , there were high hopes for its use in this manner. However, prosMALE REPRODUCTIVE TOMCOLOC;Y pective studies have pointed out its deficiencies when it is used as a model.
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Key Terms

  • erectile dysfunction
  • hair growth
  • diabetes mellitus
  • systemic disorders
  • medical history

  • central nervous
  • testosterone concentration
  • testicular size
  • penile growth
  • symphysis pubis

  • arm span
  • hypogonadotropic eunuchoidism
  • reproductive function
  • sympathetic nervous
  • sex chromosomal

  • sexual potency
  • lead poisoning
  • facial hair
  • counting chambers
  • testis size

  • semen samples
  • physical examination
  • automated technologies
  • disorders associated
  • include ulcerative

  • moving forward
  • epiphyseal closure
  • function fails
  • seminiferous tubules
  • sperm count


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