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Pages 297-312

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From page 297... ... Seealso Parents, bereavement reactions of in loss of parent, 83-85 in loss of sibling, 85-86 in loss of spouse, 71-75, 93. See also Conjugal bereavement psychiatric consequences of childhood bereavement in, 114-116 Age and adult bereavement reactions, 7, 47-68 and childhood bereavement reactions, 99-141 and health consequences of bereavement, 35-36 end separatior~response, 190 Aggression, in childhood bereavement, 109,111, 117 Read the entire page →
From page 298... ... 50, 56, 57, 63-65, 148 animal models of, 165, 181-186 Read the entire page →
From page 299... ... 155-156 Children bereavement reactions of, 7, 99-141,284-285 age effecting, 121-122,126 anniversary reactions in, 132 behavioralconsequences of, 104 105,106, 111-112,113,116, 117,126,133 circumstances of death affecting, 125-126 common thoughts, concerns, end fantasias, ~n,119 compared to adult models of, 100,101, 102, 120-121 cultural factors affecting, 124-125, 129 in death of pet, 129 in death of sibling, 99, 107,113, 119 defensivestrategiesin, 120 developmental analysis of, 99-103, 116-117,121-122, 285 Read the entire page →
From page 300... ... An, 128-132 preexisting emotional difficul ties affecting, 121-122, 126 professionaThelpin, 132-133 psychiatric consequences of, 105,108-110,111-113, 114-116,126-127 psychotherapeutic intervention in, 260,263,268-269,274 remarriage of parent affecting, 124,127 serf-concept after, 117-118 sex differences in, 1 13,122,126 and suicidein adult life, 115 in suicide of parent, 125-126 support system affecting, 112, 123-124,126 in te~lllinal illness of parent, 125, 127 variables effecting, 121-127 wamingsignalsin, 133 born after death of sibling, as replacement, 83 death of, 75-83, 220 parental bereavement in. See Parents, bereavement reactions of loss of parents during adult life, 26, 83-85 responsibilities for care of, after death of spouse, 72, 73 separation response in, animal models of, 179-196 Chronic illness, anticipatory grief in, 40-41 Cigarette smoking, associated with bereavement, 16, 28-29, 33, 39, 40, 50, 284 Circadian rhythms in bereavement, 151-152, 167 Cirrhosis, associated with bereavement, 33, 39, 50, 284 Cognitive theories on bereavement process, 56, 57, 63-65 in childhood, 101, 108,1 16-1 17 in psychotherapuetic interventions, 258 Communication between dying patient and family, facilitation of, 218-219, 220 Completion of bereavement process, 52, 53 Conjugal bereavement, 4, 9, 71-75, 93 ambivalent relationship with deceased affecting, 60 anticipatory grief affecting, 75 change of address affecting, 24 child care responsibilities in, 72, 73 and childhood bereavement, 123 companionship needs in, 73 dependency affecting, 60-61, 72 depression in, 20,284 depressive symptoms in, 27,40 drug use in, 29 favorable outcomes of, 53 Read the entire page →
From page 301... ... See Parents, bereavement reactions of child's concept of development of, 101-102, 117 family discussions about, 128-131 circumstances of, and childhood bereavement reactions, 125-126 of parents,4,16 bereavement reactions of children in, 99-141. See also Children, bereavement reactions of practices around time of, 220-224 rates of. Read the entire page →
From page 302... ... See Financial aspects Education of family, 233 after autopsy, 224 continuing after death, 226 in hospice programs, 251 in mutual support groups, 241 242 role of health professionals in, 217-218, 219-220, 226, 233 of health professionals, 225, 231-232, 286, 287 of hospice personnel, 250 of public on bereavement process, need for, 289-290 Read the entire page →
From page 303... ... See also Sociocultural influences F Family care in bereavement, 215-216 in accidental deaths, 223 and in autopsy requests, 223-224 conflicting with patient care, 219 continuing responsibilities for, 224-229,232 and in dying period, 217-220 in hospice programs, 249-257 psychotherapeutic interventions in, 257-269 in sudden death, 221-223 around time of death, 220-224 Fantasies, in childhood bereavement, 119, 120 intervention strategies for, 130 Favorable outcomes of bereavement 53 Fears, in childhood bereavement, 119 intervention strategies for, 130, 133 Financial aspects in childhood bereavement, 124 in conjugal bereavement, 72 in follow-up care of family, 228-229, 287 in health consequences of bereavement, 37 in hospice programs, 252, 253, 294 in sociocultural variations in bereavement, 204, 205, 206, 207 Foster care of infant, animal models of, 191 Freudian theory on bereavement, 57 Funeral ceremonies burial in, 202 children attending, 131-132, 134 cremation in, 202 laws governing, 201 open caskets in, 132 sociocultural influences on, 200, 201, 206, 209 Funeral directors, roles of, 201, 207 G Genetic influences on separation response, 181 Grief, 18-20 absent, 18, 34, 54-56, 65 after death of parent, 84 adaptive function of, 35 in adults, 48-52 after death of parents, 84-85 Read the entire page →
From page 304... ... See also Duration of bereavement process emotions andthoughtprocesses in, 48-50 interpersonal and social changes in,50-S1 normal signs and symptoms of, 65 pathological, 54-56 inbehavioralmodel, 64-65 inchildhoodbereavement,106, 112,132-133 psychotherapeutic interventions in, 257-269 socialreinforcementof, 64-65 phases of, 48-50, 65 physical complaints in,51-52 prolonged, 18, 54, 65 psychoneuroimm, in oendocrine systemin,161-163 resolution of, 50, 52 ,~ncomplicated,48 Growth ho~ll~onelevels, in grieving, 149,150 Guilt feelings in childhood bereavement, 118, 126 intervention strategies for, 130, 133 of doctors after death of patient, 226 in perinatal death of child, 78 prolonged or chronic grief in, 54 role of health professionals in relief of, 219-220 in sudden infant death syndrome, 79 in suicide of relative, 88, 89, 90, 126 H Hallucinations about deceased, 49 Handicapped child, death of, 78 Health care institutions, 215-236 hospice programs based in, 254 memorial services in, 221 parental bereavement reactions to death of child in, 80-81 practices of in autopsy requests, 223-224 in dying period, 217-220 in sudden death, 221-223 around time of death, 220-224 supportive atmosphere of, 288-289 forbereavedf~mily, 234 for staff members, 229-231, 234, 289 risitingpoliciesof,219, 220, 234, 289 Health care professionals, roles of, 4, 8,215-236,286-287 in autopsy requests, 223-224 conflicting responsibilities in,219 continuing responsibilities in, 224-229,232 payment for, 228-229, 287 during dying period, 217-220 education and training for, 225, 231-232,233,286,287 education of bereaved family, 217-218,219-220,226,233 in hospice programs, 250, 251 institutional support of, 229-231, 234,289 in recognition of abnormal bereavement, 217, 225,228, 233,287-288 stressrelatedto, 229-231,234, 289 in sudden death, 221-223 around time of death, 220-224 Read the entire page →
From page 305... ... See Health care institutions Hospitalization, psychiatric, after bereavement, 27-28, 37 Hostility inbereavementreactions, 60 in childhood, 1 18, 120 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid levels, in stress, 156, 157 H y p e r t h y r 0 i d i s m , a f t e r b e r e a v e ment,31 Hypnotic drug use after bereavement, 39, 40 inintervention programs, 269 Hypothalamus in psychoneuroimmunoendocrine system, 161 in stress response, 156, 157 Idealization of deceased, in childhood bereavement, 120, 122 Identification with deceased parent, in childhood bereavement, 118-119, 126,130 Illness, as consequence of bereavement. See Health consequences of bereavement Immune system,158- 161 behavioral conditioning studies on, 160 in bereavement, 32, 150, 152, 159-161,164,169, 170 endocrine changes affecting, 158 ingrief, 169 Read the entire page →
From page 306... ... 127-134,135 , parent's role in, 128-132 profes s tonal help in, 132-133 consciousness ralsmggroups In, 248 cultural variations in attitudes towards, 206,207 effectiveness of, 274-275 inhospice cervices, 253-260 in mutual support groups, 245-249 in psychotherapy, 260-269 future areas for research on, 272. 275-276,293-295 for guided mouming, 268 high-risk individuals in, 243,255, 267 hospice services in, 249-257,273 medications in, 269-272,288 mutual support groups in, 240-249,252,273 preventive, 286-209 psychotherapeutic, 257-269,274 selection of bereaved people for, 272-274 self-refenals to, 243, 266 after suicide of relative, 91 timing of, 273-274 Isolation, social, 51 and health professions, 225,230, 289 outcome of bereavement in, 204 in parental bereavement, after stillbirth, 77 after suicide of relative, 90, 91 of widows end widowers, 73 J Jet lag, symptoms of, compared with bereavement reactions, 166, 167 K Kibbutz children, bereavement reactionsof, 107,112,117 Kinship, and bereavement reactions, 37 in death of child, 75-83 in death of parent, 99-141 in death of sibling, 85-86,99,107, 113, 119 in death of spouse, 71-75 Leamed helplessness animal models of, 147 in childhood bereavement, 118 Leave of absence from work, after bereavement, 202 Legislation influencing bereavement practices, 201 Leisure activities, afterbereavement, 50 Life cycle transitions, 9 social support in, 203 Listening skills, of health professionals, 226, 232 Read the entire page →
From page 307... ... See also Separation response Moods, in bereavement, 49-50, 289 Morbidity associated with bereavement, 27-34. See also Health c o n s e q u e n c e s o f b e r e a v e m e n t ; Infectious diseases associated with bereavement Mortality rates, 3-4, 6, 20-27, 39, 80, 284 biologicalstudies on, 155-156 after death of child, 25,80 after death of parent, 25, 26 after death of spouse, 20-25, 87 afterfirstyearofbereavement, 35, 39 historical/rends in, 199-200 Mother-infant separation, responses in,179-196.SeeaZsoSeparationresponse Mouming in childhood bereavement, 101, 102 definition of, lo in psychotherapy, 268 sociocultural influences on, 200-201,202,208-210 Multidisciplinary approach in bereavement research, need for, 293, 295 inhospiceprograms, 250 Mutualsupportgroups, 240-249, 252,273,294 compared to psychotherapeutic interventions, 259 N Neurological changes in bereavement, 151, 152,154-161,169 animal models of, 154 in autonomic system, 154-156 cardiovascular disorders related to 155-156 endocrine system in, 156-158 i, immune system in, 158-161 psychoneuroimmunoendocrine in teractions in, 161-163 Neurosis, after childhood bereavement, 105, 108, 111 delayed, 114, 115 Neuronansmitter system, in depression, 153, 154 Numbness, in bereavement, 49 Nurses, roles of. Read the entire page →
From page 308... ... See Separation response role in childhood bereavement intervention, 128-132 Pathological bereavement, 54-56, 64-65 in children, 106, 112, 132-133 psychotherapeutic interventions in, 257-269 Perinatal death of child, 77-78 Personality, and bereavement reactions, 37, 58-59, 63, 65 Pets, death of, 129 Physical illness associated with bereavement, 51-52. See also Health consequences of bereavement; Infectious diseases associated with bereavement; Morbidity Physicians. Read the entire page →
From page 309... ... See also Biological studies on childhood bereavement. 105-1 10 future areas for, 134-135,291 methodological issues in, 103-104 on drugs in bereavement intervention, 272 epidemiologic studies in, 6, 152-153,169 future areas for, 290-295 on health consequences of 15-45 Read the entire page →
From page 310... ... 310 / Index bereavement, 6, 15-44, 152-153, 290-291, 292 on intervention strategies, 272, 275-276, 293-295 methodological issues ill, 103-104,292-293 multidisciplinary approach in, 293,295 on separationresponse animal models in, l 79- 196 futureareasfor, 192-194 onsuicidebereavement,92 Resolution of grief, 50 Respiratory changes inbereavement, 148-149,151,152,169,292 Risk factors forpoorbereavement outcomes, 35-39,40,285, 290-291 Risk-takingbehavior, associated withbereavement,50 Role changes in bereavement process, 50-51, 62-63,73-74 after death of parent, 85, 118-119 after death of sibling, 86 after death of spouse, 51, 62-63, 73-74,243-244,248 psychotherapeutic interventions in, 258 sociocultural influences on, 208, 210 S Schizophrenia, and childhood bereavement, 115- 116 School functioning, childhood bereavement affecting, 106, 113, 116 Searching behaviors, in bereavement, 49, 62 Sedative drug use associated with bereavement, 29 precautions about, 269 Self-blame. See Guilt feelings Self-concept, 57, 59 childhood bereavement affecting, 117-118 in parental suicide, 126 in cognitive model, 63-64 of health professionals, workrelated stress affecting, 230 in interpersonal model, 62-63 in psychodynamic theory, 59 social support enhancing, 203 stillbirths affecting, 77 Self-help groups, for mutual support, 240-249 Self-reported symptoms, after bereavement, 29-31, 40 Sensory deprivation, compared with bereavement reactions, 166, 167 Separation response, 117 acute phase of, 165 age affecting, 190 animal models of, 7-8, 147, 154, 157-158, 159, 165-166, 179-196 attachment bond affecting, 186-189 behavioral components of, 165, 181-186 chronic, slow phase of, 165- 166 despair phase of, 165, 182-184, 186, 191, 192 detachment phase of, 184-186, 192 development of, 102, 117 endocrine system in, 157-158 environmental influences on, 188, 190-192, 193 in excessive dependency, 62 immune system in, 159 in loss of artificial mother surro gates, 189-190 neurologic changes in, 154, 155 phases of, 181-186 physiologic components of, 165, 183 preseparation influences on, 186-190, 193 protest phase of, 157, 158, 165, 181-182, 191, 192 Read the entire page →
From page 311... ... See also Conjugal bereavement Stillbirths, parental bereavement reactions in, 76-77 conspiracy of silence affecting, 77 physical contact with dead infant affecting, 77 prenatal bonding affecting, 76 psychotherapeutic interventions in, 264,268 Stress of bereavement, 8-9 antianxiety drugs for, 269, 270 biological studies on, 163-164 of health care professionals, 229-231,234,289 unavoidable, response to, 164 Sudden death, 38, 221,223 accidental, 222,223 in combat, 222-223 health consequences of bereavement in, 38 of infants, 78-79,82,83,149,222 psychotherapeutic interventions after, 262,267 Suicide, 4, 7, 9, 25-27 associated with bereavement, 25-27,38-39,168,284,285 in alcoholism, 26-27,37 in childhood, 115 Read the entire page →
From page 312... ... See Anticipatory grief hospice services in, 249-257 mutual support groups related to, 241 of parent, childhood bereavement in, 125, 127 roles of health professionals during dying period in, 217-220 suicide in, 88-89, 92 transfer to regional facility in, 227 Thyroid grand, in bereavement, 31, 151 Tranquilizer use, associated with bereavement, 29, 35, 40, 269, 270, 288 Twins, death of one of, 78 V Visiting policies in health institutions, 219,220,234,289 W War casualities, 222-223 Widow-to-Widow Program, 242-245 Widows and widowers, bereavement reactions of, 71-75. See also Conjugal bereavement Work maternal, animal models of infant response to, 188 return to, after bereavement, 18, 202 shift change in, 166, 167 Read the entire page →

From page 297...

... Seealso Parents, bereavement reactions of in loss of parent, 83-85 in loss of sibling, 85-86 in loss of spouse, 71-75, 93. See also Conjugal bereavement psychiatric consequences of childhood bereavement in, 114-116 Age and adult bereavement reactions, 7, 47-68 and childhood bereavement reactions, 99-141 and health consequences of bereavement, 35-36 end separatior~response, 190 Aggression, in childhood bereavement, 109,111, 117

Index Pages 297-312

Index
Pages 297-312