Biographical Memoirs Volume 56 (1987) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Eli Kennerly Marshall, Jr.
Eli Kennerly Marshall, Jr.
Pages 312-353
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 313... ...
so live on to the present. In this tradition was Eli Kennerly Marshall, ir., who servect the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine for thirty-five years, first as professor of physiology, then of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
|
From page 314... ...
Alas, this first year was "a shattering of illusions." bra Remsen, who hack been director of the Chemistry Department, was now president of the University ant] kept partial control of the department, with no strong successors.
|
From page 315... ...
Acree gave him plenty of independence and he read widely in the excellent library, including the works of Emil Fischer, Nef, and Gomberg. He had planned to go into industry, but unaccountably he became interested in physiological chemistry.
|
From page 316... ...
He had isolated epinephrine from the adrenal, begun work on the artificial kidney, studied chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis with antimony compounds, crystallized insulin, pioneered work on the posterior pituitary, and founded both the American Society of Biological Chemists and the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Most significantly, he believed that "the investigator is the 1 r r ', inner llle IS tree.
|
From page 317... ...
Johns Hopkins Club at the corner of Monument and Howard streets. Intellectually and socially, it was a rich period.
|
From page 318... ...
Seven years later, when both were involved in the study of renal physiology, they met again in Maine, where they collaborated briefly in a pioneering study of vertebrate evolution in light of the development of the glomerulus. They were neighbors, friends, antagonists, colleagues, and rivals at the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory for thirty-five years.
|
From page 319... ...
His only reservation in returning was that somehow he had never taken a course in physiology, but he reasoned that he had never taken physiological chemistry or pharmacology either and had aIrea(ly taught both. There must have been a very special quality in Marshall that brought him to this ctistinguished chair at age thirty-two and led Hopkins to pass over the more orthodox cancliclates.
|
From page 320... ...
My wife says that if I had not been ~ ~ . · ~ T ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 1 _1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A married, 1 snoulcl nave pulled eVeI y sr~-~g, ~v~ an t~J~V111~ a Fellow of one of the Cambridge Colleges anti live the (lelightfu!
|
From page 321... ...
Both anon made their influence felt by force of character and example in subtle ways. In those far-out and very active days, Marshall appeared intense and somewhat remote to his colleagues; he is said to have changed little between 1925 and 1955.
|
From page 322... ...
to his chair, which was renamed Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. There were several reasons for this rather unusual academic shift; dominant were the desire "to be the oIct man's successor," and the feeling, strong in Marshall at age forty-three, that his destiny lay closer to chemistry than to physiology.
|
From page 323... ...
training department, responsibilities that were not forgotten even though the guiding passion was research. For thirty-five years he sat on the Advisory Board of the Johns Hopkins Medical School and fought, among other things, for freedom in curricular matters, free time for stulents, departmental autonomy, and the highest standarcls for faculty selection.
|
From page 324... ...
This was his pattern with the study of renal secretion, sulfonamides, malaria, ant! cinchoninic acids.
|
From page 325... ...
This was his role at the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, at Salsbury Cove, Maine, where he summered for forty years. After he completed his renal work in the early 1930s, he stopped working at the laboratory, but at his home, looking over the western aspect of Frenchman's Bay, he read, wrote, talked to friends, ancT gathered energy and enthusiasm for the fall ahead.
|
From page 326... ...
Such a man will not come again, for the times that procluced him have vanished. He was a bridge between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries for science, medicine, manners, the South, Johns Hopkins, ant!
|
From page 327... ...
He replied that if I did that I could have a Chair in Physiological Chemistry in a very few years. This conversation with Rowntree was a sufficient stimulus to make me go at the matter with great enthusiasm.
|
From page 328... ...
It seems that the above explanation cannot be correct as no change in the creatinine means no change in glomerular filtration rate and no change in phenol red, no change in renal blood flow. Others have now confirmed this by unilateral nerve section in anesthetized dogs.
|
From page 329... ...
and using a very high value for renal blood flow 300 mI/min, a "safe maximum." The authors concluded that "the problem would appear to be clefinitely settled, and satisfactory evidence would seem to exist that .
|
From page 330... ...
Another, the toactfish (Opsanus taut, lived in the nearby Chesapeake. Accordingly, Marshall went to Maine, anct at the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, with his student AlIan Grafflin (later to become professor of anatomy at Hopkins)
|
From page 331... ...
In 1932 when I transferred from the Chair of Physiology to the Chair of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, the main problem which had interested me for more than a decade in regard to renal physiology active secretion by the convoluted tubule was settled. It was answered in the affirmative due mainly to the investigations of myself and coworkers.
|
From page 332... ...
The goal was to take advantage of the widely varying rates of reactions between CN- and alclehydes or ketones to find a compound to detoxify HCN, and also one that would slowly release CN- as a nontoxic respiratory stimulant. Belonging intellectually to this period, but done earlier, was the first measurement of cardiac output in an unanesthetize(1 laboratory animal, using the Fick principle.
|
From page 333... ...
These results had the effect of devising a rational basis of dosage an initial loading dose and then a maintenance dose every four hours day and night. Soon dosage of the sulfonamides was based on blood concentrations rather than on number of grams administered by mouth.
|
From page 334... ...
by the quantitative data showing that cure of septicemia in mice was accomplishecI at different blood levels, depending on drug structures: sulfactiazine was sixty-four times as active as sulfanilamicle in vitro, ant! eleven times in viva.
|
From page 335... ...
Marshall's great antagonist in the battle about renal secretion. There is every evidence that they workoc!
|
From page 336... ...
He was unsparing of himself and his younger colleagues; it was a crucial wartime effort, seven days a week with no holidays. Rigorous quantification of the experimental avian infections was badly needed.
|
From page 337... ...
A main goal of the program was to find a radical cure for vivax malaria, which was made particularly difficult by lack of basic knowledge about the exoerythrocytic cycle in man, ant! lack of a proper mode!
|
From page 338... ...
He was interested in rational dosage schedules for chemotherapeutic agents, and still rather enraged that his dictum of constant blood levels for sulfonamides unthinkingly had been transferred to the antimalarials and to penicillin. He thought (but Tim Shannon did not agree)
|
From page 339... ...
He still selected important and unsolved problems. Marshall was always intrigued by ethanol; he now showed that the classical zero-order kinetics of decay trom blood following the usual size dose changes to ~ .
|
From page 340... ...
Gordon Zubrod for their review of this memoir, particularly their help with the malaria story. I am grateful to Dr.
|
From page 341... ...
A study of the comparative value of functional tests in the surgical diseases of the kidney secondary to obstruction in the lower urinary tract.
|
From page 342... ...
The urease content of certain beans, with special reference to the jack bean.
|
From page 343... ...
The effect of nicotin on the two kidneys after unilateral section of the splanchnic nerve.
|
From page 344... ...
I The cardiac output of the normal unanesthetized dog.
|
From page 345... ...
The use of nitrogen for determining the circulatory minute volume.
|
From page 346... ...
Pyruvic acid cyanohydrin as a respiratory stimulant. A study of cyanide action.
|
From page 347... ...
John Jacob Abel. Science, 87:566-69.
|
From page 348... ...
The comparative therapeutic activity of sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine, and diaminosulfone in streptococcus infections in mice.
|
From page 349... ...
The comparative therapeutic activity of sulfonamides against bacterial infections in mice.
|
From page 350... ...
The antidiuretic effect of 3-hydroxycinchoninic acid derivatives.
|
From page 351... ...
Effect of 3hydroxy-2-phenylcinchoninic acid on renal secretion of phenol red and penicillin.
|
From page 352... ...
On the mechanism of the antidiuretic action of cinchoninic acid derivatives.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.