Hazardous Materials in the Hydrologic Environment The Role of Research by the U.S. Geological Survey (1996) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 3-7
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From page 3... ...
Subsequent to the 1970s, WRD programs in hazardous materials science and technology have diversified and come into their own as the "bread and butter" of the USGS. The Toxic Substances Hydrology Program was established in 1983, the Nuclear Waste Hydrology Program was established as a separate program in 1985 (although the WRD has had a significant effort in this area since the early 3
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From page 4... ...
During the 1950's nuclear bomb testing and the resulting radioactive fallout, and the environmental movement set in motion in the late 1960's both created a vast explosion of interest in water quality, so that it is now the dominant feature of the division's research and includes not only the physical and chemical properties of water, but the biological and ecological as well. The USGS focus on developing the geoscience knowledge base that is required to address the difficult problems facing the nation regarding the need to maintain good quality waters can be seen as part of a broad effort by many federal, state, and local agencies to come to grips with issues related to the disposal and inadvertent releases of hazardous materials in the natural environment.
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Recognizing that problems related to hazardous materials research and technology are both national and international in scope, and that the USGS is an agency charged with providing information to resolve important water-related problems of the nation, the Committee on USGS Water Resources Research undertook a review of the research efforts and an assessment of the directions the WRD should take in this area. In support of the USGS's general objective to expand the body of scientific knowledge relevant to hazardous materials and their behavior in the environment, this project sought to: (~)
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From page 6... ...
6 Hazardous Materials in the Hydrologic Environment RESEARCH TASK POTENTIAL AREAS USGS ROLES Geochemistry Toxicology Risk assessment Hydrogeology Hydrogeology Geochemistry Field techniques Biology/Ecology Transport/ Optimization models; Remedial technologies Insbrumentation, Data management Hydrogeologic and Biogeochemical Processes; Model evaluation Risk Assessment and Prioritization _ EI] V;=D~ Assess 1 ~1 r Selection and/or Implementation of Remedial Methods Short- and Long-term Monitoring and Analyses Evaluation of Methodology, Model Evaluation/ Verification Identification of Problems and New Research Areas Existing database New data collection Model prediction Develop and test new assess technologies Model predictions; Technology selection Evaluate monitoring technologies; build data sets Process model development; Evaluate remedial technology FIGURE 1.1 Potential roles for the USGS in Hazardous Materials Science and Technology.
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From page 7... ...
Rather, the report is a general review that seeks to provide overall strategic perspective. It concentrates on four main themes: the understanding of natural processes Hat affect the fate and transport of hazardous substances, the understanding of processes that are useful for remediation of contaminated sites, the use of research results in Be decision-making process, and methods to assess Me success of He various programs in reaching some of He goals within the critical research areas.
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