An Assessment of Techniques for Removing Offshore Structures (1996) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Overview of Existing Offshore Structures and Removal Regulations
Overview of Existing Offshore Structures and Removal Regulations
Pages 5-15
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From page 5... ...
Most decks are multilevel structures that support drilling rigs, production equipment, crew quarters, and serve various other functions. The deepest conventional fixed platform is Shell's Bullwinkle platform, which is located in 1,350 feet of water in the central Gulf of Mexico.
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FIGURE 1-2 Number of existing platforms, including caissons, by water depth. Source: Courtesy of Minerals Management Service.
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Environmental factors that influence platform design include water depth; soil strength; and wind, wave, and current loads. Operating loads include the weight of production equipment for processing oil or gas.
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The pile-tojacket annulus in conventionally piled platforms is sometimes grouted. Mud mats near the bottom of a jacket provide temporary support until the piles are installed.
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and to support gas compressor stations, production equipment, oil storage tanks, or pipeline junction or metering facilities. Although no wells are located on these platforms, the design considerations are similar to conventionally piled platforms with wells.
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For example, around the mouth of the Mississippi River, AN ASSESSMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR REMOVING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES where the upper layer of sediment is very soft and thick, downslope movement of sediment, or mud slides, can be triggered by hurricanes. Mud slides exert tremendous lateral force on platform pilings.
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MMS ensures that the responsible party plugs abandoned wells to prevent leaks, removes platforms, and clears the lease site of obstructions that might be hazardous to commercial fishers, shrimpers, and other shipping. The MMS has a comprehensive program to regulate platform removals.
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State laws include the Louisiana Artificial Reef Initiative Act and the Texas Artificial Reef Act. Platform Removal Permit Process The permit process for removal of an offshore platform in federal OCS waters requires the following steps: · The operator submits an application with the appropriate form and information to the MMS (the same form is used for explosive and nonexplosive platform removals)
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OVERVIEW OF EXISTING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES AND REMOVAL REGULATIONS Helicopter Deck Survival Capsules Quarters Building Crane Survival Capsule Nav-Aid Light Superstn~cture ~ Jacket ~ _ i . ~ 33~==; —~ ~ Main Deck Nav-Aid Light to Pile Cut-Off co _ ..
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per applicable MMS regulations. MMS consults with NMFS and the Marine Mammal Commission to ascertain compliance with the Endangered Species Act, Section 7, and the Marine Mammal Protection Act and to identify protective mitigation measures and monitoring requirements for the permit.
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From page 15... ...
The NMFS then decides whether to implement the observer program and informs the Corps, which in turn notifies the operator. International Laws International laws relevant to the removal of offshore structures include the Convention on the Continental Shelf and the U N
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