Computing, Communication, and the Information Age (1994) / Chapter Skim
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Modeling and Simulation
Modeling and Simulation
Pages 2-11
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To overcome this problem, researchers set out to develop a science base for algorithm design. They adopted a mathematical criterion for determining the goodness of an aigonthm, namely, asymptotic complexity.
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One quickly realizes that one has the ability to explore finger placement, lent, - and number of fingers, size and shape of gripped objects, and so on. Thus, a designer could explore a large design space, which would be impossible if he or she were dealing with a physical ~ripper.
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Another advantage of simulation is Me ability to halve rough terrain, reduced gravity, heavy winds, and other such parameters. Once an algorithm for walking fails and the device crashes, electronic models do not need to go into me machine shop for repair of mechanical breakage.
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1 1\ FIGURE 4a Walking algorithm. FIGURE 4b Walking algorithm (continued)
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One m~taskifline segment EF~ntersects AB between A add B and men determine by a numerical computation Mat the answer is yes. Next,- one might ask if line segment EF intersects BC between B and C, and due to numerical round off, one would get Me answer no.
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From page 7... ...
The reason for this is Mat there is probably numencal data close to the actual numerical data that is consistent win whatever decision is made ~ He conversion to symbolic data. However, if one does multiple conversions, then Here is a possibluty of making Inconsistent decisions ~ the sense Hat there is no numerical input data that is consistent win those decisions.
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The Xerox Corporation, loan effort to increase the flow of informationbetweennniversides and companies, set up a small laboratory called He Design Research Institute and located it on the engineering campus at Cornell University. The Xerox employees in this Laboratory have appoinOnents as visiting scientists at CorneD and Interact closely with faculty and students.
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We have since done~is Winnie creation ofSimEab (Palmer end Cremer, 19911. Figure Saillustrates Me input and Figure fib We output for a three-particle simulation.
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JO I= . p2 - 00.00 Xx10-3 -200.00 0.00 200.00 400.00 FIGURE 8b Three-particle simulation output.
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From page 11... ...
Today, as parallel architectures evolve, we can no longer expect a program coded for one architecture to automatically execute on a newer machine win a different parallel architecture. Recoding promises to be a major impediment, particularly if the time to recode an application is several years and Pus comparable to Me lifetime of a given machine architecture.
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