Risk & Innovation Small Companies in Six Industries: Background Papers Prepared for the NAE Risk and Innovation Study (1996) / Chapter Skim
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2 Advanced Displays and Visual Systems
2 Advanced Displays and Visual Systems
Pages 11-32
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From page 11... ...
In Japan, on the other hand, several large firms invested heavily and early in what is today's dominant technology, act~ve-matrix liquid crystal displays (AM-L`CDs3. Outside of portable computing devices, however, technologies other tharlL`CDs are likely to dominate.
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From page 12... ...
Whatever happens, however, it is they who have most clearly contributed to keeping a strong domestic technical base from which any new display efforts win be launched. INDUSTRY BACKGROUND Advanced displays are likely to be among the most critical and perhaps expensive components of the next generation of electronic products.
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From page 13... ...
, manufacturing equipment (steppers; inspection, test, and repair equipment; deposition, etching, and handling equipment) , display manufacturers Liquid crystal displays, electroluminescent, gas-plasma, field emitters)
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From page 14... ...
Display industry experts generally agree that LCDs are especially well suited for use in small portable electronic devices and are likely to dominate that market for some time. LCD screens require relatively little power, and a type called active-matrix LCD is already able to achieve brilliant Off-color for screen sizes less than 14 inches diagonal.
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From page 16... ...
Two more American display manufacturers, Cherry Displays Products and Taliq (a subsidiary of Raychem) , were closed in 1992.
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From page 17... ...
The U.S. military became an important advanced display market and a major supporter of related research.
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From page 18... ...
CURRENT MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY ISSUES Recently, several large domestic customers of electronic displays have teamed up with small display companies to commercialize novel display devices. For example, Motorola has invested $20 minion in a joint venture with In Focus Systems to develop a novel LCD technology (Hill, 1992~.
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From page 19... ...
U.S. government support has been primarily channeled through the Department of Defense, which views advanced displays as a critical national technology; in Japan, it was government interest in developing high-resolution screens for displays of Kanji and Katakana characters; in Korea, it was government support of high-tech industry; and in Europe, generous European Community support fell under the n~br~c of high-definition television.
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From page 20... ...
They charged a dozen Japanese companies with seeing flat-panel displays below fair-market value in violation of the Tariff Act of 1930. The group called themselves the Advanced Display Manufacturers of America (ADMA)
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From page 21... ...
Hughes, for instance, is reconsidering the consumer electronics market for its liquid crystal light-valve technology. In the spring of 1992, its division in Carlsbad, California, invested $62.5 million in an equally owned joint venture with Victor Company of Japan (JVC)
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From page 22... ...
New Markets and Applications Over the next 10 years, the development of entirely new applications, rather than replacement of CRTs, wid drive growth in demand for advanced displays. Specific new applications are difficult to predict, but two likely large emerging markets include personal information devices and virtual reality systems.
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From page 23... ...
Medicad Devices Display of infonnadon and images is critical in marry medical applications. While large systems such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging machines will use large highresolution displays, Be portable-device arena will also employ significant numbers of advanced displays.
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From page 24... ...
, the filture role of small firms seems bound to be intertwined wad that of large companies. Following is a summary of important issues in market and company development as they emerged at the National Academy of Engineering workshop on advanced displays and visual systems held in December 1993.
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From page 25... ...
Some of the most promising display technologies are being explicitly developed to take advantage of existing domestic manufacturing expertise. For example, the manufacture of field emission displays is similar in many respects to the manufacture of CRTs, save some few but essential steps; single-crystal silicon displays use a manufacturing process that is almost identical to that used in the production of silicon-wafer-based integrated circuits; and micromirror devices are intended to be produced using a der~vauve of the well-established metal-omde silicon manufacturing.
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From page 26... ...
Several states, however, actively seek to help small firms see abroad as part of their general business development efforts. To confiont Me problem of scarce resources, a number of small upstream equipment providers have formed strategic partnerships with their customers.
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From page 27... ...
Human and E:~ten~al Resource Issues People are fundamental to ad businesses. Yet to a larger degree than one might suspect, the domestic Dat-panel display industry depends on a small cadre of experts and an agonizingly narrow university pipeline.
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From page 28... ...
It may help, but success must come first and foremost Tom meeting the needs of the market. Or, as one National Academy of Eng~nee~ng workshop participant noted, the goal should be to "make money, not technology." CONCLUSIONS The flat-parlel display Duster faces the special challenge of developing infi~smucture, mar~ui~r~g, and markets—all at the same time.
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From page 29... ...
However, the brightness and color of passive LCDs have historically been far inferior to Pose attainable with active-matr~x LCDs. :~ May 1992 a new approach to passive LCD screens—now referred to as "active addressing" was acclaimed as a breakthrough at the annual Society for Information Display conference, the premier international technical forum for display technology.
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From page 30... ...
However, whereas the CRT has a single electron gun sweeping across a phosphor-painted screen, the FED has countless guns, each a tiny vacuum tube a few microns high. In principle, such devices can offer an extremely bright, pin-sharp image that requires very lithe power arid has exactly the same screen appearance as a CRT.
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From page 31... ...
1992. Report of the National Critical Technologies Panel.
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