An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Programs Fiscal Year 1997 (1997) / Chapter Skim
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4 Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
4 Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
Pages 61-94
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Chapter 4 Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
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Testoni, DEC-Digital Semiconductor Submitted for the panel by its Chair, Kenneth 0. MacFadden, this assessment of the fiscal year 1997 activities of the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory is based on a site visit by the panel on April 8-9, 1997, and on the annual report ofthe laboratory.
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In fact, as described in this report, the CSTE leads NIST in these areas by providing 76 percent of the Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) , 60 percent of the Standard Reference Data (SRD)
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The level of the laboratory's impact on industry is impressive, as indicated by the quality and quantity of measurement capabilities developed and of standards and reference data produced. In fiscal year 1996, the staff wrote 281 journal articles, sold over 30,000 SRMs, performed 1,065 calibrations, and sold 472 units of the ~ 5 standard reference databases maintained by the laboratory.
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Relying extensively on equation-of-state and transport properties models developed by the CSTE Physical and Chemical Properties Division, industry succeeded in producing a new generation of refrigerants for energy-efficient equipment. These new instruments watt result in billions of dollars in savings per year and will create a healthier global environment.
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Reimbursement 0.6 0.3 Total 53.4 56.6 The staff of the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory currently includes 281 full-time permanent (FTP) positions, of which 241 are technical professionals.
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The programs ongoing in the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory are effective in focusing on the NIST mission and the needs of U.S. industry.
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Despite its relatively recent formation, the Biotechnology Group activities are well integrated with the laboratory and NIST missions. The collaboration with the University of Maryland through the Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology (CARB)
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As the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory and NIST develop general performance metrics, the Biotechnology Division will probably require longer-term, less 69
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~0. ~ OA/NF/CRADA 0.7 0.8 Total 1 0.0 9.5 The staff of the Biotechnology Division currently includes 3 ~ full-time permanent positions, of which 29 are for technical professionals.
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Other examples include selecting among the great number of disciplines that make up the field of biotechnology and increasing the synergy between the research on membranes and on structures. Process Measurements Division Mission The Process Measurements Division stated that its mission is to develop and provide measurement standards and services, measurement techniques, recommended practices, sensing devices, instrumentation, and mathematical models required for analysis, control, and optimization of industrial processes.
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sees strong evidence of the Process Measurements Division's creditable work in this area and compliments this effort. The technical merit and appropriateness of selected programs are discussed below, along with comments on the effectiveness and dissemination of the division's work.
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The costs associated with this process appear reasonable. The CKMech Database contains information such as thermochemical data for a set of species or rate constants for a set of chemical reactions for high-temperature fluorocarbon chemistry.
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Industrial Impact The Process Measurements Division's research results are used, referred to, and implemented effectively. The quality of work is excellent and the results are disseminated efficiently through publications, the Tnternet, customer visits, and planning sessions.
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The staff of the Process Measurements Division currently includes 65 full-time permanent positions, of which 59 are for technical professionals. There are also 1 6 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, including postdoctoral fellows and part-time workers.
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The Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory cannot match foreign standards without upgrading the relevant facilities in this field. As discussed in many other sections of this report, the current physical plant is a major impediment to research efforts and is the most critical issue facing the division.
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study the total chemical measurement process as well as source apportionment in atmospheric chemistry using chemometrics; and (5) develop and certify Standard Reference Materials and Standard Reference Data.
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The group's excellent research has produced leading-edge measurement techniques and applications. Recent accomplishments include developing methods for automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
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Industrial Impact The Surface and Microanalysis Science Division performs research that affects a wide variety of industries. As companies continue to fabricate devices with smaller feature sizes, probes with higher spatial resolution are needed.
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However, the pane} considers overdependence on OA priding for augmenting and updating the division's capital equipment base to be dangerous, as state-of-the-art instrumentation must be maintained even when external support is unavailable. The staff of the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division currently includes 37 fulltime permanent positions, of which 34 are for technical professionals.
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However, for these new efforts to be successful, the experiments and lasers need better laboratory space with lower floor vibrations, more stable temperature and humidity, more reliable electrical power, and cleaner air to preserve optics. The Microanalysis Research Group is pushing the limits of spatial resolution in microanalysis.
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An important feature in this division is the strong synergism between experiment and theory, as evidenced by the interactions within and among the various groups. In the most recent reorganization, the Pressure and Vacuum Group was moved to the Process Measurements Division, and two new groups the Chemical Reference Data and Modeling Group and the Experimental Kinetics and Thermodynamics Group-were formed within the Physical and Chemical Properties Division.
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The resulting database is published by NTST's Standard Reference Data Program and was last updated in November ~ 994. The group is currently working on the next edition, and the pane} strongly supports completing and rapidly releasing the update.
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The Experimental Properties of Fluids Group focuses on precision measurements of vapor-liquid equilibrium, surface tension, equations of state, and thermal properties of alternative refrigerants, ammonia/water mixtures, and other industrially important fluids. Improving measurement techniques is also emphasized.
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NIST has commissioned economic impact assessments for six programs in the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory. Two of these are from the Physical and Chemical Properties Division: Alternative Refrigerants to Replace Ozone-Depleting CFCs and Advanced Refrigeration Systems for Cryogenic Applications.
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The staff of the Physical and Chemical Properties Division currently includes 65 full-time permanent positions, of which 54 are for technical professionals. There are also ~ 7 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, including postdoctoral fellows and part-time workers.
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Divisional programs provide chemical measurement standards, accurate and reliable chemical compositional data, and research in chemical measurement science in support of NIST and laboratory missions. Technical Merit and Appropriateness of Work The division consists of five groups: Spectrochemical Methods, Organic Analytical Methods, Gas Metrology and Classical Methods, Chemical Sensing and Automation Technology, and Nuclear Methods.
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The Organic Analytical Methods Group is developing separation methods and standards to identify and quantify organic and organometallic species. Group researchers are examining the use of supercritical fluid extraction of hair samples as a possible means of detecting illegal drug use patterns.
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, but oxidation can produce trace amounts of nitrogen dioxide in the mixture that result in pulmonary edema. An infrastructure has been implemented to support production of standards, and NTST Traceable Reference Materials (NTRMs)
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noted that this low level may be because the division does not encourage staff to use patent disclosures as an alternative or complement to professional publication. The Analytical Chemistry Division and each of its groups maintain working information pages on the NIST Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory Web site.
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Plans to extend the NTRM model to other sectors of the commercial reference materials community will initially emphasize spectrometric solutions. The division actively participates in intercomparability programs among national and regional standards laboratories to facilitate international trade.
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The staff of the Analytical Chemistry Division currently includes 68 full-time permanent positions, of which 62 are for technical professionals. There are also 21 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, including postdoctoral fellows and part-time workers.
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The new Analytical Chemistry Division then developed a strategic plan for research and service activities. The goals of this plan included changing the funding profile for the division and reengineering delivery of SRM services.
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However, not all of the data included the indication of its age and level of evaluation necessary to ensure appropriate use. In addition, the NIST Web site did not contain all of the SRM certification data or include detailed background information on the SRMs.
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