Review of the Draft Federal Long-Term Monitoring Plan for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam (1994) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIX A
APPENDIX A
Pages 27-58
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His research interests, as reflected by over 120 journal articles and books, include productivity and other metabolic aspects of aquatic ecosystems, aquatic food webs, composition of biotic communities, nutrient cycling, and the quality of inIanc] waters.
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Euler is a consulting anthropologist specializing in the applied anthropology, archeology, ethnology, and ethnohistory of the American Southwest and Great Basin. As such, he conducts research in cross-cultural resources management, social and economic impact assessments, Indian legal claims cases, and archaeological investigations, especially those related to environmental impacts.
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His books include The Geomorphic Systems of North America, The Colorado River: Basin Stability and Management? Fluvial Processes and Dryland Rivers Wilderness Preservation and the Sagebrush Rebellions, and Plutonium and the Rio Grande.
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He has been a Professor of Law at Chicago Kent College of Law since 1981. He has authored and co-authored many publications and articles concerning water resources management and environmental law and policy.
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APPENDIX B LONG-TERM MONITORING IN GLEN AND GRAND CANYON RESPONSE TO OPERATIONS OF GLEN CANYON DAM Duncan T Patten, PhD Chief Scientist Glen Canyon Environmental Studies May 1993 J ADVANCE DRAFT 7/93
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Sed~ment Dynamics ............. Fishes and Aquatic Food Base .
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From page 33... ...
eeeeee Regional Meteorology/Climate Addendum 2. Information Management Characteristics of Long-Term Monitoring Projects Development of Long-Tenn Monitonng Projects Protocols for Data Collection and Processing n;'t;` Rat Cal M;~n;' hymn t _ _ _ O _ _ Management of the Mon~tonug Program GTS and Remote Sensin A-23 A-23 A-23 A-24 A-24 A-25 A-25 ee ADVANCE DRAFT 7/ 93
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From page 34... ...
The Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992 has directed the Secretary of the Interior to establish and implement long-term mon~tonng programs and activities that win ensure that Glen Canyon Dam is operated "... in such a manner as to protect, mitigate adverse impacts to, and improve the values for which Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area were established...".
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From page 35... ...
Although the difference between the two Objectives may seem to be semantic, it Is critical to d~sffnguish this program, whose intent Is the monitoring of the effectiveness of the prescribed operations of Glen Canyon Dam in meeting the objectives of the ElS, the 1992 Grand Canyon Protection Act and the management objectives of the resource management agencies and interests, from a general ecosystem monitoring plan for the river corridor. Clearly, the two objectives are closely aligned because it is impossible to interpret change related to dam operations without understanding the broad range of ecological interactions.
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From page 36... ...
biological characteristics of water In Lake Powell and the Colorado River Tom Glen Canyon Dam to Lake Mead Sectiment dynamics ant! sectiment budget.
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a. Values placed on Glen and Grand Canyon nverine system by the public This program also adopts a conservative approach of measuring attributes which reasonably might be affected by dam operations and for which no surrogate attributes east.
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From page 38... ...
ureau of Reclamation As manager of the Colorado River, He Bureau of RecIamation's management objectives are to strike a balance among water releases established under the "Law of the River" and the Annual Operating Plan for Glen Canyon Dam, the hydroelectric power requirements of Western Area Power A~n~nistration, and "protection" of the downstream ecosystem under. the 1992 Grand Canyon Protection Act.
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From page 39... ...
The Geographical Scope of Monitoring The area to be monitored is Unmanly the Colorado River corridor between Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Mead reservoir. This area is about 255 miles long, as the headwaters of Lake Mead vary with reservoir elevation.
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LONG-TERM MONITORING PROGRAM Ouanti~ and Oualit~r of Water: Lake Powell and The CanYon Lake Powell The water discharger] from Glen Canyon Dam represents water from Lake Powell whose quality is a product of lake tributanes, level and mixing processes.
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From page 41... ...
Thus, the objectives of sampling In Lake Powell are to determine the quality of the water In the clam Eunice region In artier to characterize clam discharges, and to cleternune whether the prescnbec} dam operations, espeaaBy if a selective withdrawal structure Is used, affect the water in the forebay region of the dam as predicted! by studies of Me selective w~th~wal study team.
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From page 42... ...
Because most river managers have expressed greatest concern about impacts of dam operations on upstream reaches of Grand Canyon, and because those reaches have been shown to have the greatest potential for sediment storage deficit, it is important that gaging stations on the Colorado River at Tees Ferry, above the Little Colorado River, and upstream from Bnght Angel Creek be ma~nta~ne~i as sediment measurement stations as wed as discharge stations. It Is also critical to measure outflow from the system and therefore, of existing gaging stations, the station above Diamond Creek would be maintained.
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From page 43... ...
Measurements of dissolved oxygen, particulate and dissolved organic matter, and nitrogen and phosphorus would be made seasonally. Canyon Tributaries Tnbutanes to the ma~nstem of the Colorado River In Glen and Grand Canyons are influenced by dam operations primarily at their confluence with the ma~nstem.
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From page 44... ...
In order to determine the influence of dam operations on the integrity of these deposits, the measurement objective of the monitoring program is to determine the changes in sediment storage In different reaches of Grand Canyon. The accomplishment of this objective would pennit measurement of temporal change In the status of cntical bar and bank set iment deposits and In debns fan deposits, and to puce that change within the context of measurements of all sediment storage change in Grand Canyon.
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From page 45... ...
For this reason, the objective of the long-term mon~tonng or tne aquanc one eneangerea nsn species and the economically program is to cietemune whether the biomass, habitat and composition of the aquatic food base is responding to dam operations as expected. Aquatic food base monitoring would be seasonal and include the mainstem, and tributaries.
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From page 46... ...
Monitoring In the Little Colorado River would be comparable with protocols developed during the GCES I! humpback chub research program.
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A statistically significant number of these quadrants, distributed throughout Schmidt and Gems (1990) geomorphic reach designations between Glen Canyon Dam and Diamond Creek, and those below Diamond Creek on the HuaLapm reservation, may be the appropriate sampling locations for nparian vegetation because they can be considered baseline information locations.
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From page 48... ...
Terrestrial Vertebrates The intensity of effort required for sampling terrestrial vertebrates (herpetofauna, mammals anti barest, and the low potential for distinguishing between responses to non-dam changes and those caused by dam operations, limit usefulness of long-term population studies as indicators of change In the Verne ecosystem. In addition, baseline data to support a long-term monitonug program are niinimal (except for avifauna)
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From page 49... ...
In addition to their special status, these species are considered Important because many were part of the payday ecosystem. The objective of the long-term monitoring program is to track the populations of these spades as they respond to changes in their habitat and food base caused by dam operations and other factors which are expected to enhance Me chances of Weir survival and/or recovery.
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Tnbal Cultural and Spiritual Values and Tnbal Concerns. Monitoring of tribal values and concerns with dam operations and impacts would be an integral part of the long-term monitoring program.
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From page 51... ...
To deter~rune whether dam operations are affecting the pattern and amount of use in the Canyon, data on use and changes resulting from recreation would be compiled annually. Such data can be utilized to assess changes In use, but also may help determine causes of some changes In other resources (e.g., fish populations, and beach sizes or qualities, etch.
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From page 52... ...
c, Economics and Finances Long-term mon~tonng would include the maintenance of a current data base for future power resource economic reviews to determine the consequences of the anbc~patec} changes In Glen Canyon Dam operations. A periodic review of the electric power market would deterIIiine whether new information supports decisions based upon previous forecasts.
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From page 53... ...
1991. Influences of fluctuating flows from Glen Canyon Dam and effects of human disturbance on wintering bald eagles along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona.
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1990. Aggradation and degradation of alluvial sand deposits, 1965-1986, Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
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From page 55... ...
These include not only precipitation (part of climatolog~cal data) , but snowpack and runoff in the major tributaries to Lake Powell and the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam.
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From page 56... ...
In the case of the Grand Canyon, long-term morutonng In response to operations of Glen Canyon Dam would continue inclefirutely, or as long as the dam is operable. Periodic review of Me program is necessary to determine the Intensity of the monitoring program.
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From page 57... ...
Although the time frame of the long-terTn monitoring program extends well beyond the participation period of any one scientist, it is anticipated that those who collect the data would be familiar with the Grand Canyon and may use the data as part of ongoing research programs. This connection of data collection and interpretation would result in data being collected appropnately and efficiently.
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From page 58... ...
This evaluation may lead to recommendations for changes in dam operations to ensure compliance with the objectives of the 1992 Grand Canyon Protection Act. Although no specific Institution has been selected for the actual management of the long-term monitoring program or archiving of monitoring information, an organizational structure neecis to be set in place prior to initiation of any phase of long-term monotony of the effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations.
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