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The Global Positioning System for the Geosciences Summary and Proceedings of a Workshop on Improving the GPS Reference Station Infrastructure for Earth, Oceanic, and Atmospheric Science Applications (1997) / Chapter Skim
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5 Static Positioning
Pages 21-22

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From page 21...
... Low elevation observations are important for estimating atmospheric signal delays, another source of error in static positioning applications, but as Chuck Meertens pointed out in his presentation, multipath errors are oRen mistakenly identified as atmospheric delays at low elevation angles. Multipath errors can be reduced by using antennas fitted with choke rings, which are concentric corrugations that reduce antenna sensitivity to ground-reflected multipath ejects.
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From page 22...
... Low elevation angle data are critical to measuring the signal delay and subsequent positioning errors caused by tropospheric water vapor. However, because errors related to interactions between GPS antennas and the surrounding environment are more prevalent at low elevation angles, characterizing reference sites for both near-field scattering and far-field multipath effects is critical.
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Key Terms

  • low elevation
  • positioning applications
  • positioning accuracy
  • gps observations
  • sampling rates

  • antenna phase
  • monument instability
  • gps antennas
  • multipath effects
  • elevation angles

  • sampling rate
  • errors caused
  • volcanic processes
  • phase center
  • positioning errors

  • choke rings
  • center variations
  • resulting positioning
  • elevation angle
  • multipath errors

  • surrounding environment
  • signal delays
  • accurate measurement
  • geophysical processes
  • reference station

  • chuck meertens
  • errors attributable
  • nearby bedrock
  • postseismic deformations
  • estimating atmospheric


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