Industrial Ecology U.S.-Japan Perspectives (1994) / Chapter Skim
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2 Background
2 Background
Pages 9-16
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From page 9... ...
Analogous to field ecology, industrial ecology provides a useful framework for examining the operational aspects of industrial activities. Today it is being applied to guide the alteration of industrial ecosystems toward greater environmental and economic sustainability.
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The restrictions apply even when the waste material is precisely equivalent to an industrial chemical or hazardous chemical that may be purchased on the open market. Thus, if the waste stream contains cyanide or a toxic hydrocarbon, the waste is regulated under RCRA such that reuse of the material is prohibitively expensive.
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From page 11... ...
"Domestic symbiotic competitiveness" inherent in iapanese industrial policy is conducive to developing technologies to improve the existing industrial ecology. Symbiotic competitiveness is precompetitive collaboration among competing companies; It stops as soon as one company begins to invest aggressively in market development.
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. The balance needed bet~veen industrial activities and the Earth's ability to assimilate society's waste depends on industrial society acquiring energy efficiency and low entropy similar to that of living things.
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relations between important, closely related phenomena, such as pollution, through a microanalysis of specific phenomena. · Examine socioeconomic factors and construct a desirable human environment based on detailed analysis of human behavior, actions, and physical reactions.
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Voluntary programs designed to help industry reduce emission of certain chemicals, switch to more efficient lighting, and create more energy efficient products are examples of the EPA's effort to change the current industrial ecology. Through EPA's Energy Star program, for example, several computer manufacturers have introduced energy-saving features in computers.
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From page 15... ...
As similar programs are contemplated in the United States, its strict antitrust standards are expected to prove problematic as companies jointly and individually seek to recover products through recyclers dedicated to recycling their products. In general, it is apparent that development of organizations controlling the entire life cycle of products and materials, and concomitant choices of environmentally preferable technologies, will increasingly raise antitrust questions and potential liabilities.
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From page 16... ...
Voluntary programs intended to help industry reduce emission of certain chemicals, to switch to more efficient lighting, and to create more energy-efficient products are examples of the EPA's effort to change the current industrial ecology. EPA's Energy Star program, for example, has several computer manufacturers competing to introduce energy-saving features in computers, so that the devices power down when left idle.
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