Managing the Space Sciences (1995) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Appendix F: Science Management in Other Institutions
Appendix F: Science Management in Other Institutions
Pages 91-97
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 91... ...
The type of proposals NSF receives varies greatly by field of research or education. In the research programs, NSF receives mostly solicited proposals in response to program announcements, similar to NASA Research Announcements (for laboratory research)
|
From page 92... ...
The reviews are given great weight, but, by design, the program officer is charged with arriving at an independent recommendation based on his or her own analysis of the merits of the proposal and taking into account broader NSF objectives. NSF program officers have considerable flexibility in making award decisions, but that flexibility is used most often "at the margin," that is, among proposals ranked in the middle of the averaged ratings.
|
From page 93... ...
Most have an "extramural program" component and an "intramural program" component, each reporting to the Institute Director. The extramural programs provide support to the external community through awards for research project grants, training grants and fellowships, specialized centers and program projects, construction and resources grants, special programs for the development and support of minority scientists, research and development contracts, and cooperative agreements.
|
From page 94... ...
While they are not solicited, researchers are informed about the program areas of special interest to an awarding institute through program announcemeets or a request for applications in specific areas at a specified funding level. For the research grant mechanism, NIH is essentially a patron providing assistance and encouragement.
|
From page 95... ...
Institutes also draw from the national pool of scientists in constituting Program Advisory Committees to advise on specific programs and future research needs and opportunities and to identify and evaluate future extramural initiatives. All of the NIH institutes, except one, have "intramural research programs." These, collectively called the NIH Intramural Research Program (IRP)
|
From page 96... ...
Since risk taking is accepted as part of the culture at ARPA to achieve high payoff, some failure of individual projects to achieve their goals is expected and accepted. In contrast to the military departments, which have traditionally structured their laboratory research programs to make steady, incremental improvements to existing technologies and mission capabilities, ARPA seeks advanced concepts and technologies with potential to achieve order-of-magnitude performance improvements and increased military capability.
|
From page 97... ...
The staff is composed of discipline scientists and engineers from the research environments in which ARPA executes its programs as well as technically trained military officers. A typical term for an ARPA program manager has been 3 years, with 1-year extensions at the director's discretion.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.