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Confronting AIDS Directions for Public Health, Health Care, and Research (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C. Risk of HIV Transmission from Blood Transfusion
Pages 309-313

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From page 309...
... The pertinent concern from the vantage point of a blood recipient is the following: Given the number of units transfused, what is the risk (R) that one or more units contain HIV?
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From page 310...
... £ Relative likelihood of blood donation soon after HIV exposure compared with later donation L D C n R Likelihood of donation during the preantibody phase of viremia Risk that a donated unit of blood contains HIV Likelihood that no unit of blood contains HIV Number of units of blood transfused into a blood recipient Risk of exposure to HIV from n units of transfused blood Then the risk, R of exposure to HIV in an individual receiving transfused blood is: R= 1-C.
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From page 311...
... L: The likelihood of donation by an infected person during the preantibody phase depends on the average duration of time stir in which the patient may be viremic prior to formation of detectable antibody, the average length of time (t2) during which a blood donor may be unknowin~lv infectious (i.e..
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From page 312...
... No such absolute standard exists; hence, estimates of sensitivity cannot be regarded as firmly established. Various manufacturers have provided estimates of ELISA test sensitivities ranging from 0.95 to 0.996 (Reesink et al., 1986; Weiss et al., 19861.
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From page 313...
... The introduction of antibody testing has reduced the risk of HIV transmission to blood recipients by a substantial margin. In other words, instead of nearly 4,000 recipients of viremic units, the baseline calculations project the transfusion of only about 100 (3,500,000/34,000)
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Key Terms

  • baseline assumptions
  • preantibody phase
  • contains hiv
  • pessimistic assumptions
  • hiv transmission

  • units transfused
  • hiv viremia
  • receiving blood
  • blood recipient
  • screening test

  • blood contains
  • blood donation
  • antibody formation
  • donated unit
  • variables entering

  • blood donor
  • elisa screening
  • hiv infection
  • risk due
  • donor population

  • patients receiving
  • transfused blood
  • individual receiving
  • average period
  • test sensitivity

  • receiving transfused
  • hospital admissions
  • transfused increases
  • average length
  • infected person


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