An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories, Fiscal Year 1998 (1998) / Chapter Skim
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4 Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
4 Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
Pages 51-84
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Chapter 4 Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
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Testoni, DEC-Digital Semiconductor Submitted for the pane} by its Chair, Lou Ann Heimbrook, and its Vice Chair, Arlene A Garrison, this assessment of the fiscal year 1998 activities of the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory is based on a site visit by the pane!
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Examples of such programs are documented in the divisional assessments. Technical Merit and Appropriateness of Work The CSTE's technical efforts in chemical and physical measurement are conducted across strategic scientific areas relevant to the mission of NIST: biotechnology, process measurements, surface and microanalysis science, physical and chemical properties, and analytical chemistry.
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In the former area, the update of the NIST/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) /National Institutes of Health ~ Mass Spectral Library was released this year.
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Examples of successfi~} information dissemination include such efforts as the Chemistry WebBook and the Mass Spectral Library, which is now installed in over 60 percent of the mass spectrometers manufactured in the United States. The CSTE programs affect a wide range of industries including health and safety, environmental, electronics, automotive, and aerospace.
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Laboratory Resources Funding sources4 for the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (in millions of dollars) are presented below: Fiscal Year 1997 Fiscal Year 1998 (estimated)
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had been allocated by Congress and that further funding for fiscal year ~ 999 is being pursued so that construction might begin in December of 1998. Construction ofthis new laboratory is imperative to obtain the quality of facilities necessary for measurements undertaken in the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division and for provision of primary standards and calibration services for pressure measurements in the Process Measurements Division.
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One of the strengths of CARB is its technical ability to solve protein structures. Although such an activity may not be inappropriate for NIST scientists, it is not clear how such work fits into the NIST mission, which is to advance measurement sciences.
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The efforts in this area are outstanding, and the division should continue its dissemination activities at the current level. It is premature to expect a significant impact on industry resulting from the activities of the Biotechnology Division at this time.
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OAINFG/CRADA 0.8 0.9 Other Reimbursable 0.1 0.1 Total 9.6 10.3 Staffing for the Biotechnology Division currently includes 3 5 fill-time permanent positions, of which 32 are for technical professionals. There are also 3 1 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral fellows and part-time workers.
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The Process Measurements Division's continuing and expanding work on interactive comparisons with measurements and standards made by sister organizations in other countries is highly appropriate and commendable. Technical Merit and Appropriateness of Work The technical merit of the programs is demonstrated in many ways.
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In the High Temperature Processes Group, the pane] was particularly impressed by the cooperative work with the Analytical Chemistry and Surface and Microanalysis Science divisions on a new project addressing key needs for Raman spectroscopy standards.
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In an aggressive cycle of program planning, the Process Measurements Division continuously reallocates resources with careful attention to the mission. All projects are reviewed annually.
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Division Resources Funding sources for the Process Measurements Division (in millions of dollars) are presented below: Fiscal Year 1997 Fiscal Year 1998 (estimated)
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The staff have clearly demonstrated the utility of CRDS and have identified state-ofthe-art laser diode instrumentation that will allow substantial miniaturization of the equipment, a key to widespread industrial use of this measurement technique. Staffing for the Process Measurements Division currently includes 59 full-time permanent positions, of which 53 are for technical professionals.
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Division management also could benefit Rom continued definition of quantitative objectives to be used to determine and assess the technical merit of the research. Technical Merit and Appropriateness of Work The Surface and Microanalysis Science Division conducts extremely high-leve' research that defines the spatial and temporal distribution of chemical species and improves the precision and sensitivity of surface and microanalysis techniques.
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In related work, the Atmospheric Chemistry Group is developing an urban dust particle filter reference material and standard test data to evaluate analysis protocols, thereby improving the accuracy and precision of atmospheric measurements required to establish compliance with NAAQS targets. The Surface Dynamical Processes Group has excellent expertise in surface spectroscopy and is developing a new effort in near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)
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Examples include complementary chemical measurements in atmospheric aerosols and the boron and arsenic in silicon implant SRMs. Impact of Programs The Surface and Microanalysis Science Division is conducting research needed by many U.S.
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Division Resources Funding sources for the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division (in millions of dollars) are presented below: 69
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In the future, such reliance could inhibit the division's ability to pursue new ideas in surface and microanalytical research that are not in line with the needs of other government agencies. Staffing for the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division currently includes 37 fi~-time permanent positions, of which 34 are for technical professionals.
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Physical and Chemical Properties Division Division Mission According to NIST documentation, the Physical and Chemical Properties Division is the nation's reference laboratory for measurements, standards, data, and models for the thermophysical and the~n~ochemical properties of gases, liquids, and solid~both pure materials and mixtures; the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions in the gas and liquid phases; and fluid-based physical processes and systems, including separations, low-temperature refiigeration, and low-temperature heat transfer and flow. The division provides technical research and services, SRD, SRMs, and calibrations to promote U.S.
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The first such project is the NIST/EPA/N] H Mass Spectral Library with associated algorithms, and the second is the work on thermophysical properties of next-generation refrigerants.
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There are eight groups in the Physical and Chemical Properties Division; brief descriptions of their programs follow. The Fluid Science Group uses acoustics and other novel approaches to develop state-ofthe-art techniques for measuring the thermodynamic and transport properties of pure fluids and 73
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A major activity is the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library, which is highlighted separately above. Other activities include the compilation of kinetics data for chemical reactions in the gas phase and the development of the NIST Chemistry WebBook, which is a searchable compilation of chemical data designed for Internet access.
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It also provides comprehensive and evaluated Standard Reference Data and electronic databases for the properties of technically important fluids and fluid mixtures. Current activities include development of standard thermodynamic surfaces for fluids using extended corresponding states, fundamental studies of fluid-solid phase transitions, studies of surfactant adsorption on clays by neutron scattering, and structure evolution and rheology of gelling colloidal silica by neutron scattering and rheometry.
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ST/EPA/N] H Mass Spectral Library, which was described in detail in the section on technical merit.
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Staffing for the Physical and Chemical Properties Division currently includes 68 full-time permanent positions, of which 58 are for technical professionals. There are also 17 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral fellows and part-time workers.
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All division research and service projects are reviewed on an annual basis to assess the quality of the work and fit with the mission and with industry needs. Technical Merit and Appropriateness of Work Research activities in the Analytical Chemistry Division are focused on the chemical measurement sciences using high-performance analytical tools such as mass spectrometry (MS)
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As a result of the heavy investment in capital for the accelerator facility, this group will not move into the newly constructed facilities as planned for the rest of the Analytical Chemistry Division. The Organic Analytical Methods Group focuses its research and application efforts on the areas of health care, nutrition, environmental monitoring, and forensic analysis.
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The project on international comparability of chemical measurements provides worldwide leadership in the development of SRMs, NTRMs, proficiency testing programs, and international intercomparisons. The panel is particularly pleased by this division's international work, as such intercomparisons become more vital as trade becomes more global.
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NIST provides nearly 1,300 different types of SRMs and in fiscal year 1997 sold nearly 40,000 SRM units to approximately 5,000 different customers; approximately two-thirds of these units require certification of chemical composition by the Analytical Chemistry Division. In fiscal year 1997, 61 batches of NTRMs were certified by the Analytical Chemistry Division (double the number certified in fiscal year 1994~.
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Division Resources follows: Funding sources for the Analytical Chemistry Division (in millions of dollars) are as Fiscal Year 1997 Fiscal Year 1998 (estimated)
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However, some resources will be redirected to address analytical instrument calibrations and transfer issues. Staffing for the Analytical Cher~iistry Division currently includes 67 full-time permanent positions, of which 6 ~ are for technical professionals.
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m=~emem of this program vO1 be necessary to ensure tab it does not become an adml~r~ive burden far the technicd ~ 84
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