Expanding Access to Precompetitive Research in the United States and Japan Biotechnology and Optoelectronics (1990) / Chapter Skim
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4. Collaboration and Exchange Now Under Way
4. Collaboration and Exchange Now Under Way
Pages 18-21
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From page 18... ...
A reciprocal visit was made by Dr. Ikoma of the University of Tokyo, who spent August of 1989 at the University of California at Santa Barbara as a distinguished visitor under National Science Foundation sponsorship.
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From page 19... ...
Examples of collaboration in telecommunications include the following: · After the privatization of NTI in 1985, Mitsubishi joined with IBM and Ford Aerospace to compete with NTT in communications services. · AT&T joined with 18 Japanese firms, including Hitachi arid Fujitsu, to form Japan ENS Corporation to provide specialized data communications services.
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From page 20... ...
· Corporate alliances, including joint projects and joint ventures, in which management and operation of the joint venture are performed by those who work in that new venture with parent firms usually exerting strong influence. · Acquisitions, in which one fun acquires another firm outright.
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From page 21... ...
Acquisitions may be driven by a slump in the biotechnology industry. According to one survey, three-quarters of current biotechnology agreements between Japan and the United States were joint ventures.21 Similarly, there have been recent reports that Japanese pharmaceutical fops are relying less on licensing and more on joint ventures, in addition to efforts to acquire small U.S.
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