Assessing Vocational Education Research and Development (1976) / Chapter Skim
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2 The Changing Focus of Vocational Education
2 The Changing Focus of Vocational Education
Pages 7-15
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From page 7... ...
In high schools it serves primarily students of lower socioeconomic status and less academic ability than the general student population. This chapter sets vocational education in its social and historical context and presents the issues that have faced vocational educators and researchers.
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From page 8... ...
With the passage of the 1963 Act, the objectives of vocational education became much broader than they had been 60 years earlier. Because of the broadened focus and increased funding, enrollment in vocational education programs more than doubled in the next four years.
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From page 9... ...
Vocational education programs are today more varied in content, employ more sophisticated instructional methods, and attempt to teach much more than occupational skills. Vocational counseling plays an increasingly important role in vocational education, so that students can be better equipped to make decisions regarding occupational choice.
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From page 10... ...
Their parents usually have received less education. It is not known, however, why students of lower socioeconomic status, lower occupational aspirations, or less academic ability are in vocational education programs.
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From page 11... ...
Career Education Career education, a major R&D topic funded under the 1968 Amendments, has attempted to expand the boundaries of traditional vocational education. The essential concept of career education is that all students, not just vocational education students, should be exposed to career development opportunities throughout their school years and that every student should leave school with the skills necessary for job entry, whether that student completes the tenth grade or a four-year college course.
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From page 12... ...
The need to measure the advantages of on-thejob training relative to those of classroom training remains a challenge to vocational education R&D. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND WORK Objectives of Vocational Education The primary objective of vocational education programs has been to prepare students for occupations, with a recent emphasis on equality of access to programs.
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From page 13... ...
(In theory, the more the training is specifically tailored to actual job requirements, the greater the benefit to the employer.) To the extent that competition exists among employers, the saving in private training costs from vocational education programs may be passed on to the consumers.
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From page 14... ...
Larger and better-designed samples, more appropriate experimental and questionnaire design, better measurement of criterion and background variables, and more suitable statistical techniques could strengthen future evaluations. Further, some believe that current evaluations over little assistance to the vocational education policy maker, curriculum developer, or teacher because the criterion measures inadequately reflect program success: evaluators have most often measured success in terms of initial job placement, which is determined by many factors, including the availability of jobs, the social status, personality, and intellect of the student, and chance.
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From page 15... ...
The Committee hopes the education and manpower work program of the National Institute of Education and the research program of the Department of Labor will provide support for the development of coherent theoretical perspectives leading to more useful applied research in vocational education. In addition to the exchange of knowledge and theories on substantive issues, methodological advances made by other social science researchers can benefit vocational education researchers.
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