Engineering Tasks for the New Century Japanese and U.S. Perspectives (1999) / Chapter Skim
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4 Undergraduate and Graduate Education
4 Undergraduate and Graduate Education
Pages 37-47
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From page 37... ...
In the United States, engineering education and research at universities is funded by a variety of federal agencies, states, and industry, while a private group, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, is responsible for accreditation. · Undergraduate and graduate engineering education have been the subject of much discussion and a number of reform efforts in both countries.
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NOTE: Natural sciences include physical, biological, earth, atmospheric, and oceanographic sciences. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, The Science and Technology Resources of Japan: A Comparison with the United States, 1997.
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SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Degrees 1966-1994 and Japan Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, Basic Education Survey, 1995, as compiled in National Science Foundation, The Science and Technology Resources of Japan: A Comparison with the United States, 1997.
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From page 41... ...
undergraduate engineering grew from about ~ percent in 1979 to 14 percent in 1994. In Japan, female enrollment in engineering was a little under 8,000 in 1996, about 12 percent of the total.6 Graduate Engineering Education Table 4-4 shows graduate education enrollment, enrollment in engineering, and enrollment in science and engineering for Japan and the United States.
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From page 42... ...
in the financing of graduate engineering education, there have been fairly wide disparities between the United States and Japan. Although directly comparable data do not exist, support for graduate students has traditionally been much lower in Japan.
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From page 43... ...
The candidate does not have university coursework requirements and is not registered as a formal doctoral student, but does have a dissertation advisor on the university faculty and his/her work is evaluated and approved by the academic department. In the United States, the typical Ph.D.
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From page 44... ...
ISSUES, CONCERNS, AND REFORM EFFORTS United States A number of groups and prominent individuals have examined U.S. undergraduate and graduate engineering education in recent years.'3 The general sense of these reports is that although the current system and practices have performed well, undergraduate and graduate education will need to undertake major reforms in order to prepare engineers for a rapidly changing environment.
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From page 45... ...
Efforts to better educate students about non-academic and non-research career options are being pursued.~7 Japan Japan also faces significant challenges in undergraduate and graduate engineering education, and a number of policy changes aimed at reform have been undertaken in recent years. In general, concerns expressed by Japanese experts about whether the education system can change quickly enough to meet the needs of a rapidly changing employment environment are similar to those expressed about the U.S.
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From page 46... ...
6 From Monbusho. 7 National Science Foundation, The Science and Technology Resources of Japan: A Comparison with the United States, 1997.
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Where are we going? " Paper delivered at the International Symposium on Engineering Education Reform and Evaluation, Osaka, November 1995.
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