Organ Procurement and Transplantation Assessing Current Policies and the Potential Impact of the DHHS Final Rule (1999) / Chapter Skim
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4 Organ Donation
4 Organ Donation
Pages 49-60
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From page 49... ...
, the transplant surgeon, the hospital staff, and the organ recipient. The task of the committee with regard to organ donation was to determine what impact current allocation policies might have on organ donation rates and to assess the potential consequences of broader sharing of organs in larger geographic areas.
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From page 50... ...
To attribute any one factor for example, local allocation policies to potential changes in donation rates is overly simplistic. Yet a central issue for opponents of broader sharing is that it will reduce organ donation because people will be less motivated to donate if the organs are not used locally.
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From page 51... ...
Correlates of Donation As mentioned above, organ donation rates vary, in part, as a function of sociodemographic factors. These include cultural attitudes, the age and race of the donor, the progression of illness in the donor, the attitudes of the donor's family, the manner in which individuals are approached, and the policies and practices of hospital staff and organ procurement organizations (OPOs)
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From page 52... ...
PUBLIC AND PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDES There are few data available to determine with confidence the effects of organ allocation policies on donation rates. However, a July 1998 Gallup Poll conducted for the National Transplant Action Committee examined adults' attitudes toward organ allocation policies and their effects on organ donation (Gallup Org~ni~.ation, Inc., 1998~.
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From page 53... ...
Need for Educational Interventions While the consent rate for potential organ donors from African American families continues to be less than that of white families (Eckhoff et al., 1998) , there are data demonstrating that a concerted effort to increase donation can be, and has been, quite successful.
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From page 56... ...
The example of lower rates of organ donation in the African American community helps illustrate that variability in organ donation rates is due to many causes. There is no evidence available to suggest that local allocation policies alone would significantly alter donation rates.
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From page 57... ...
. have Included development of standardized hospital practices; improvement of the consent process; better training of medical staff; refocusing public education to promote family discussion; and clearer guidance about brain death for fami The Delaware Valley Transplant Program recently changed its name to Gift of Life Donor Program (Gift of Life Donor Program, 1999~.
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From page 58... ...
, age, and race, which in turn affect the number of potential donors. The GAO identified four alternative performance measures that would better estimate the number of potential organ donors: organ procurement and transplantation compared with the number of deaths, deaths adjusted for cause of death and age, medical records reviews, and modeling (GAO, 1997~.
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From page 59... ...
. To address the continuing concerns about donation, the committee believes that concerted efforts among health professionals involved in organ procurement should continue including development of standardized hospital practices; improvement of the consent process; better training of medical staff; refocusing public education to promote family discussion; and clearer guidance about brain death for families and health professionals.
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From page 60... ...
A large OPO variance component indicates that the experience of patients within certain OPOs differs systematically from the overall population average experience (e.g., members of a particular OPO may have an increased likelihood of transplantation or death) , which suggests inequity in the system of organ transplantation.
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