Biographical Memoirs Volume 75 (1998) / Chapter Skim
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James Augustine Shannon
James Augustine Shannon
Pages 356-379
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From page 357... ...
in 1976. Born in New York City, Shannon received his primary education in the New York City public school system, his secondary education was at St.
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that, uncler the force of the hydrostatic pressure of the afferent arterial circulation to the nephron's giomeruTus, an ultraf;Itrate of plasma en terec! Bowman's capsule en c!
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for the first time the capability to examine the quantitative dimensions of the reabsorptive en c! excretory functions of the renal tubular epithelium, as plasma constituents in tubular urine were transporter!
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range of its explorations of the phylogenetic evolution of excretory function, the elegance of its experimental design, the rigor of its experimental methodology, the precision en c! reproclucibility of the experimental observations, and for the innovative insights reflected in the interpretation of the ciata.
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War II. Consequently, the NYU Research Service with its supporting laboratories, became the center for the clinical evaluation of new antimalarial cirugs, a critical en c!
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faTciparum malaria, reproducibly responsive to quinine when subjects never previously exposed to the disease either patients with central nervous syphilis or volunteers from conscientious objector or prison populations were either transfused with blood or bitten by mosquitoes previously infected with one of these strains, adoption of this protocol as the standard to which the responses of new candidate antimalarial drugs could be comparatively evaluated, definition of conditions under which the 9-amino acridine, quinacrine (Atabrine) , a known and readily available antimalarial that had fallen into disrepute, was an effective agent for the suppression and treatment of malarial infections, demonstration of the utility of 4-amino quinolines as suppressive agents in the malarial and the identification of chIoroquine as the best drug from the group, and the proof that 8-amino quinolines (e.g., pamaquin)
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Once he en c! his colleagues were able to clevelop an accurate technique for measuring its concentration in body fluids, Shannon quickly showed that the drug attainer!
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Shannon's first step was to design the clozen or so major research themes whose pursuit he felt appropriate for the flecigling intramural heart institute: cell biology, chemical pharmacology, cardiovascular physiology, kidney and elec
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no small amount of apprehension within the "old timer" NIH scientific community, because it brought responsibility for the clinical care of sick human beings to an institution that hac! never engagec!
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effectiveness with which Shannon had managed the large Bethesda research enterprise was widely acknowledged as being of the highest orcler, his handing of the polio vaccine crisis brought his unusual array of competencies strikingly to the attention of the leaclership of the U.S. Public Health Service en c!
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about 19 million net square feet of moclern laboratory space to the national research space inventory. In this effort, 407 public en c!
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in persuading the Congress to repeal statutory ceilings on indirect costs en c! to substitute a nominal requirement that grantee institutions share to an unspecifiec!
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, en c! the National Eye Institute ~ ~ 968)
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Senate legislative en c! appropriation committees, uncler whose juriscliction NIH operated.
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as his opportunism was simply placing a tile that appearec! suciclenly from an unexpected quarter into the proper place in his visionary mosaic, an unusual readiness to seek en c!
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Perhaps his favorite foreign "entanglement" was attending as a stancling (guest) member the annual meetings of the heacis of the meclical research councils of the Common Market countries.
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en c! Alan Gregg Lectureship of the Association of American Meclical Colleges, Kober Mecial of the Association of American Physicians, Haciassah's Myrtle Wreath, en c!
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374 B I O G RA P H I C A L EMOIRS intensely focused.
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117~2~:206-25. 1938 The renal excretion of phenol red by the aglomerular fishes, Opsanus tan and Lophius piscatorius.
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II. Method for the quantitative assay of suppressive antimalarial action in falciparum malaria.
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III. The physiological disposition and antimalarial activity of the cinchona alkaloids.
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71~8~:3309-16. 1976 Federal support of biomedical sciences: Development and academic impact.
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