Catalog of Selected NMAB Reports (1996) / Chapter Skim
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NMAB Workshop Reports
NMAB Workshop Reports
Pages 7-36
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However, these screening technologies cannot detect sophisticated non-metallic weapons, plastic explosives, and other dangerous materials. This report briefly reviews the technical maturity and effectiveness of automated instrumental methods currently under consideration by the Federal Aviation Aclrninistration for screening passengers and assesses those aspects of each method that may cause concern regarding health risks (e.g., radiation levels)
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The United States paper currency challenges people of low vision to distinguish among denominations because all bills are identical in size and color. The report defines requirements currency features should have to be usable by the visually impaired, assesses candidate features, and identifies R&D needs and future directions.
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NMAB477-1 ~ AND SMOKE RESISTANT MATERIALS FOR COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT DESIGN This report identifies promising materials technology, component design issues, and material performance parameters that can lead to improved fire- and smokeresistant materials for aircraft interiors. The report provides guidance to the Federal Aviation Administration's long-term research in fire-resistant materials.
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The report identifies candidate materials and structures for advanced subsonic aircraft and factors influencing application decisions. Key design, characterization, and maintenance issues are discussed that are critical for the introduction of advanced materials and structural concepts into future aircraft.
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As new and improved reprographic methods have come into use, the DeparOnent of the Treasury has made changes to bank notes to enhance their resistance to counterfeiting. The report reviews and assesses a number of possible counterfeit deterrent features.
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NMAB471 DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES FOR COMMERCIAL AVIATION SECURI1~Y(U) The threat posed to commercial aviation by small, concealed explosive devices is particularly severe because Hey are difficult to detect using current techniques and can cause tremendous destruction and loss of life.
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comes from the growing body of knowledge concerning depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and the development of polar ozone "holes." An NMAB workshop, funded by ICOLP, concentrated on CFC solvent use and addressed the following areas: containment, inert blanketing, and recycling; cleanliness; novel cleaning agent development; water removal; total systems approaches; other needs; risk/benefit analysis; and expanding the knowledge and research base of the CFC issue. Conclusions and possible solutions that emerged from the workshop presentations are included.
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It is governed by many, often conflicting factors that typically include service requirements, design life, materials availability, database accessibility, manufacturing constraints, repair and replacement strategies, client preferences, and cost. Incorporating of computer-aided materials selection systems into computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing operations could assist designers by suggesting potential manufacturing processes for particular products to facilitate concurrent engineering by recommending various materials for a specific part based on a given set of characteristics or proposing possible modifications of a design if suitable materials for a particular part do not exist.
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(1993, 78 pp., available from National Academy Press, ISBN 0-309-04734-X) NMAB-464 HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURES IN BIOLOGY AS A GUIDE FOR NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY Hierarchical structures are assemblages of molecular units or their aggregates that are embedded or intertwined with other phases, which in turn are similarly organized at increasing size levels.
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(1990, 20 pp., available from National Materials Advisory Board) NMAB462 FIRES IN MASS TRANSIT VEHICLES: GUIDELINES FOR THE EVALUATION OF TOXIC HAZARDS This report addresses fire modeling, fire testing, smoke toxicity testing, fire hazard assessment, and fire risk assessment.
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NMAB-460 LIFE PREDICTION METHODOLOGIES FOR COMPOSITE MATERL\LS The committee assessed methodologies used for the life prediction of organic composites utilized in load-bearing applications. The study surveys the state of the art of composites technology and life prediction methodologies for fiberreinforced polymer composites under various loading conditions.
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The report concludes that intelligent process control systems are important to the future of the heat treating industry and that they can conserve energy while enhancing industry competitiveness. The report also concludes that intelligent process control system developments can have a much greater impact in over industries than just in heat treating as the applications expand.
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However, the unique feature of LCPs intrinsic orientational order is itself problematic, and current understanding of processing with control of orientation falls short of allowing manipulation of macroscopic orientation (except for the case of uniaxial fibers)
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The most environmentally sound and cost-effective fabrication techniques were found to be the enclosed powder gas atomization process and the near-net-shape processing of products. To ensure the metal supply, with the necessary fraction of needed highpurity materials, government control of scrap for recycling and electrorefining is required.
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NMAB-450 HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Advanced aerospace systems such as those associated win He Strategic Defense Initiative, the national aerospace plane, and the integrated high-performance turbine engine are critically dependent on the creation of improved lightweight, high-temperature structural materials. Although the components that would utilize these materials may represent only a small fraction of the system to which they are applied, they exert a proportionally greater influence.
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(1990, 130 pp., available from National Academy Press, ISBN 0-309-04233-X; also available from DTIC, AD-A222 985) NMAB-448 THE EXPLOSION HAZARD CLASSIFICATION OF GASES AND DUSTS RELATIVE TO USE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT The present empirical system for classifying gases and dusts for potential explosion hazard in workplaces where electrical equipment is located functions reasonably well.
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If the United States is to be competitive in these technologies, attention must be directed to the reproducible and affordable processing of these materials. This report assesses the current status of compound semiconductor processing technology and identifies factors that limit the ability to fabricate advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Crystalline diamond is emphasized, but over diamond-like materials (silicon carbide, amorphous carbon containing hydrogen) are also examined.
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(1986, 93 pp.; limited distribution, available Tom DTIC, AD-B106496) NMAB-438-3 IN SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES The report identifies outstanding needs and opportunities for in situ characterization of electrochemical processes, based primarily on input obtained during a workshop.
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NMAB43 8-1 NEW HORIZONS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY This report reviews the status of current knowledge of electrochemical science and technology and makes recommendations for future research and development in this multidisciplinary field. New technological opportunities in diverse applications batteries and fuel cells, biomedical and health care practices, coatings and films, corrosion, surface processing, manufacturing and waste utilization, membranes, microelectronics, and sensors are identified.
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Advanced ceramic materials for such applications are receiving intensive scrutiny, but Here is a lack of understanding of the properties and behavior of ceramic surfaces, with and without lubricants. The state of knowledge of ceramic surface structures, composition, and reactivity is reviewed.
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Various methods for preserving paper records are examined and alternative actions for preserving the original documents or retaining more permanently the information contained in them. The accessibility requirements of the Archives retrieval system limit the acceptable preservation alternatives for most of the at-risk holdings to photocopying and photographic film storage.
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steel and petrochemical industries are addressed, with He primary focus on He potential of waste utilization and waste minimization to improve energy efficiency. Areas especially recommended for inclusion in steel industry research and development programs are refinement and reuse of scrap, including physical separation, hydrometallurgical separation, and pyrometallurgical separation; techniques for near-net-shape forming, such as electromagnetic casting, spray casting, and twin roll casting; processes to
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to determine whether there was a satisfactory balance between short and long term objectives; whether there was an appropriate sequencing and flow of projects from year to year; the interfaces between OIP and other related federal and industrial programs; and the role of the federal government in industrial energy conservation. (1985, 46 pp., available from National Materials Advisory Board)
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NMAB426 MAGNETIC MATERIALS The report describes the fundamental role that magnetic materials play in many of the electrical and electronic systems used in modern society. It reviews the status of magnetic materials in their current engineering applications and identifies technical issues whose resolution would lead to improved performance as well as to new applications of these materials.
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NMAB~22 RELIABILITY OF ADHESIVE BONDS IlNDER SEVERE ENVIRONMENTS A workshop on reliability of adhesive bonds in severe environments was attended by about 100 invited experts. The detailed findings include the recommendation Cat the federal government spearhead a major effort to overcome the issues Hat currently prevent He reliable structural use of adhesive bonding in severe environments.
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NMAB420 EVALUATION OF TO DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE This report evaluates the Materials and Structures Technology Conference that reviewed the technology needs of the U
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NMAB417 ASSURING STRUCTURAL INTEGRllY IN ARMY SYSTEMS The objective of this study was to recommend possible improvements in the manner in which structural integrity of Army systems is assured. The elements of a structural integrity program are described, and relevant practices used in various industries and government organizations are reviewed.
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The report addresses thermal plasma melting and remelting technology, extracting and refining technology, plasma deposition, thermal plasma synthesis, and consolidation and processing using low-pressure nonequilibrium plasmas. Conclusions and recommendations are made for potential research and development projects in each of the technologies studied.
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