Biographical Memoirs Volume 77 (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Edwin Herbert Land
Edwin Herbert Land
Pages 198-223
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From page 199... ...
Speakers would! have to encompass topics ranging from color vision to business innovation, from military intelligence to patronage of architecture.
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But as a pioneer of the sciencebased company from the early 1930s, he frequently formed alliances with big firms, such as Eastman Kociak, to manufacture components of the systems. He became a vigorous prophet of the efficacy of science-basec!
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From page 201... ...
, Lancl's grandfather Avram Salomonovitch, his grandmother Ella, Lancl's father Harry, en c! uncles Sam en c!
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a son, who was named Edwin Herbert Land. Helen found the name hard to pronounce, and called her little brother "Din," a nickname that stuck.
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commercialization of the polarizer, founcling his own company in partnership with George Wheelwright III, a Harvarc! physics instructor.
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In the headlight field, where Land was seeking universal adoption by all car makers, the technological barrier went ever higher as the illuminating power of lamps rose and generated more heat, and the car industry demanded lamination of the polarizers on the outside of the lamps. To cope with wear from sun, dust, rain, and wind, as well as the higher temperatures, Land invented a new class of polarizers using dyes instead of microcrystals.
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His invention of instant photography, putting the chemistry of the darkroom between two sheets of film en c! producing a finisher!
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clemonstratec! the film publicly at a meeting of the Optical Society of America in New York in February 1947.
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film soarer! even more steeply than the larger Eastman Kociak color business, which was driven chiefly by small Instamatics.
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Making the negative called for a large new factory, which drew on a new specialty chemical plant. Yet another new factory assembled the black-backed negative, the transparent positive, and pod of processing chemicals into integral film units, which were placed in LO-picture black plastic "packs." Now controlling all the key parts of film manufacture, Polaroid could and did introduce running changes, such as more brilliant colors, an anti-glare coating, en c!
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A major factor in the failure of Polavision was the meteoric rise of electronic amateur photography with camcorders.
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argues! that "neither the intuition of the sales manager nor even the first reaction of the public is a reliable measure of the value of a product to the consumer.
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"an inclustrial group of about fifty scientists," studying intensely the recent advances in "newly available polyamicle molecules, the cyclotron, racier technics," color photography, en c! enzymology.
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COLOR VISION RESEARCH In 1951, years before a laboratory accident launcher! him on thirty years of study of color vision, Land described it as the "very beginning of vision in the human." He excIaimecI, "How nebulous, how preliminary, our knowledge of the .
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Semir Zeki of University College, Lonclon, however, concluctec! experiments on regions of monkey brains they hac!
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to spur the formation of Lincoin Laboratory for air defense en c! to focus attention on the new!
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the limiter! size of both the Soviet bomber fleet en c!
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"community progress" must not take over. In a democracy, one must cooperate, but democracy's "peculiar gift is to develop each individual into everything he might be." If the ciream of personal greatness cliecI, he saicI, "democracy loses the real source of its future strength." He wan tee!
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the start of Harvarcl's freshman seminars. A concern with popular education macle him an effective acivocate in Congress for the 1967 recommendation of the Carnegie Commission on public television that fecleral support be increasec!
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During 1982-91, while directing the Knight Science Journalism Fellowships at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he was a part-time public information consultant at the Rowland Institute for Science. This work brought McElheny into frequent contact with Land and his associates.
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Michelson Award, 1966 William James Lecturer on Psychology, Harvard University, 1966-67 Frederic Ives Medal, Optical Society of America, 1967 National Medal of Science, 1967 Founders Medal, National Academy of Engineering, 1972 Optical Society of America, Honorary Member, 1972 The Royal Institution of Great Britain, 1975 National Inventors Hall of Fame, 1977 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Honorary Member, 1980 The Royal Society, foreign member, 1986 William O Baker Medal of Achievement, Security Affairs Support Association, 1988 National Medal of Technology, 1988
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From page 220... ...
139-47. Based on a lecture to the Royal Photographic Society in London, May 31, 1949.
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153-56. Based on the Potts Medal lecture, October 17, 1956.
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155-58. Recent advances in retinex theory and some implications for cortical computations: Color vision and the natural images.
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