Review of the Research Strategy for Biomass-Derived Transportation Fuels (1999) / Chapter Skim
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3 Feedstock Development
3 Feedstock Development
Pages 22-26
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From page 22... ...
Primary agricultural residues include sugarcane bagasse, corn stover, wheat straw, and rice straw. Forest residues include waste from lumber mills, logging, fire control, and thinning operations.
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From page 23... ...
Research in 23 TABLE 3-1 Participants in the Feedstock Development Program, 1996-1999 Crop Development Woody Crops Iowa State University Mississippi State University Washington State University State University of New York University of Washington Oregon State University U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station Herbaceous Crops Auburn University Oklahoma State University Texas A&M University University of Georgia University of Tennessee Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University U.S.
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From page 24... ...
Because of the high functional conservation across species of protein-encoding gene sequences, genes identified in model organisms can be rapidly identified and studied in biomass crops, but only if gene catalogs and genetic engineering methods have been developed. Because genetic mapping, gene function studies in transgenic plants, and field trials of newly created materials will take a long time, OFD should begin work soon so that improved varieties are ready for production systems in the 2010 to 2020 time frame.
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From page 25... ...
The following key elements of advanced biotechnology will be necessary for bioenergy crops: · large sets of gene sequences from bioenergy crops that represent most of the functional genes in their genomes · maps of the genetic and physical locations of genes, including their locations with reference to the complete gene sequences of model plant species (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana) methods for rapid and inexpensive mapping and expression studies of the genes that affect economically important traits efficient means of producing transgenic plants to test the function of isolated and modified genes, including genes from other species OFD should carefully assess its goals for improving feedstock via genomics biotechnology and focus on the areas that are technically feasible and most likely to lead to reductions in cost.
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From page 26... ...
Bioenergy crops might logically be engineered to produce high quantities of cellulytic enzymes, such as cellulase or xylanase, which could be used directly for feedstock processing and thus reduce the cost of cellulase required for production. For other feedstocks, such as corn stover and switchgrass, genes and genetic engineering methods will be available from major biotechnology companies as a result of their work on maize and rice.
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