Review of the Research Strategy for Biomass-Derived Transportation Fuels (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-4
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. During this period, a number of complex, interacting factors, including advances in the technologies used to produce biofuels at a competitive cost, the elimination of tax incentives, advances in vehicle and engine technologies, growing concerns about solid waste disposal and air pollution, and global measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, will affect the position of biofuels in transportation fuel markets.
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From page 2... ...
However, the magnitude of net reductions of greenhouse gases produced by biomass is still the subject of heated debate, and the entire life cycle of the fuel, including feedstock production, combustion, and transportation, has been the subject of research on greenhouse gas emissions from bioethanol manufactured from corn starch, woody crops, and herbaceous crops. Although the benefits from the production of bioethanol from corn or other residues have not been determined, the benefits from dedicated energy crops are expected to reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
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From page 3... ...
In addition to OFD's program, a broad range of innova tive research is being done outside of OFD that could improve the manufacture of bioethanol. The committee agrees with scientific assessments that advances in pretreatment and biological processing of biomass feedstocks will make a major impact on total cost of bioethanol and recommends that OFD support research and development on pretreatment of feedstocks, increasing pentose sugar yields, improving enzyme activity, consolidated bioprocessing, feedstock engineering to improve processing, and fundamental studies of coproducts.
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From page 4... ...
For example, as the limits on cellulase enzymespecific activity at the molecular level are better understood, genetic engineering may lead to the development of plant matter more amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis, thus increasing the efficiency of bioethanol manufacturing. An integrated analysis is a useful technique for determining relationships between feedstock development and conversion processes and impacts on total costs for bioethanol.
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