Materials Science and Engineering Forging Stronger Links to Users (1999) / Chapter Skim
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4 Priorities
4 Priorities
Pages 69-75
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From page 69... ...
In either case, it has taken from 10 to 20 years for typical material advances to be widely used. As a result of these long development times, patent protections often expire before the material/process innovators realize significant revenues or even recoup their original investments.
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From page 70... ...
The primary objective of Phase 2 R&D is to scale-up production from the laboratory to the prototype level so that the business risks involved in the application of a material/process innovation can be quantified. Phase 2 ends when the innovation has been shown to have both the potential for being scaled up to production level and economic advantages and when an industrial enterprise decides to investigate integrating the technology into a product.
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From page 71... ...
However, this has been difficult for the following reasons: · the multidisciplinary nature of Phase 2 R&D and the wide spectrum of expertise required to complete material/process developments · the lack of access to industrial-scale equipment · the evaluation of academic researchers based on refereed publications and invention disclosures · the incompatibility between industry funding and planning cycles and the time frames required for graduate students
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From page 72... ...
Consortia can also serve as links among industries and research institutions to ensure that short-term and long-term research initiatives are effective and efficient. Industry Road Maps Industry road maps are the primary mechanisms for establishing research goals and priorities for materials research early in the development process.
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From page 73... ...
A center of excellence provides industry with a single location from which to anticipate relevant research results and a pool of recruitable students with immediately applicable skills and experience working in teams. Centers are also better able to respond to multidisciplinary federal research initiatives that require industrial outreach.
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From page 74... ...
The research infrastructure for materials and parts supply companies could be improved by the development of mechanisms for larger OEMs to assist and encourage materials supply companies to conduct R&D (e.g., guarantees to use the new technology) ; government programs, such as ATP, that would help defray some of the costs of industrial R&D; and modifications to the tax code that would permit deductions for R&D expenditures and reduce the risk to the supplier companies.
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From page 75... ...
· development of industrial ecology as an integral part of the education and expertise of both MS&E researchers and product designers (Recommendation 3-6) · development of a regulatory climate based on constructive cooperation and goal setting to promote the adoption of new materials that achieve or enhance societal goals (Recommendation 3-16)
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