Review of the Army Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel Disposal Program Disposal of Chemical Agent Identification Sets (1999) / Chapter Skim
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5 Alternatives to Commercial Incineration of CAIS
5 Alternatives to Commercial Incineration of CAIS
Pages 75-93
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From page 75... ...
The specific chemistry used in the RRS neutralization reactor is closely related to the nhemi Rev ,,rer1 to rlecnntaminate military personnel and equipment under battlefield conditions (Yang et al., 19921. The RRS chemical reagent, 1,3-dichioro-5, 5-dimethyThydantoin, oxidizes sulfur mustard and lewisite to form products that are much 75
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From page 76... ...
Liquid process wastes must be packaged, transported, and treated; liquid wastes must be characterized to ensure safe disposal. State-by-state and site-specific RCRA permitting could lead to significant delays and costs.
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From page 77... ...
In the Army's ATA Program, the release standard for mustard in the neutralization effluent is 0.2 ppm, which corresponds to a DRE of 99.9995 percent. · Can the liquid waste stream be made compatible with nonincineration technologies for secondary treatment of these wastes?
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From page 78... ...
Because there may be dozens of CAlS recovery sites, and because many months are often required to obtain RCRA operating permits, this requirement could lead to significant delays in CAlS disposal unless some process can be established to expedite approvals for sites within a state and across states. The transportability of the RRS, which solves a number of difficult issues related to transporting CAlS prior to characterization and treatment and to transferring one site's CAIS problem to another site, is a favorable feature that could help expedite the permitting process.
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From page 79... ...
F-14~. Packaging Under the baseline RRS approach, the costs of identifying CAIS items, separating them into industrial chemicals and chemical warfare material (sulfur mustard and lewisite)
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From page 80... ...
Public/Stakeholder Involvement The issues about public acceptability raised in Chapter 4 can also be applied to the options for CATS disposal discussed in this chapter, including the RRS options. Key Stakeholders With the exception of commercial facility owners, the stakeholders for the mobile RRS option are the same as for the commercial incineration option.
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From page 81... ...
Local Populations. On balance, the mobile RRS appears to be more positive for communities near recovered CAlS than either commercial disposal or the fixed RRS option.
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From page 82... ...
FIXED RAPID RESPONSE SYSTEM The committee also evaluated the use of the RRS in a fixed mode of operation. (Tt also briefly investigated modified RRS options, such as the Army's ECS "Expedient CAIS Disposal System]
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From page 83... ...
Although the ECS has substantial technical limitations, using it might result in cost savings in terms of reduced permitting needs because of its rapid deployment to a CAIS recovery site arid its reduced staffing and support needs. The usefulness of the ECS would be limited by its small glove box, its inability to remove CAIS items from metal overpacks, its inability to remove neutralization wastes from the reactor under engineering controls, and other factors.
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From page 84... ...
None None Transporting CAIS to RRS with escorts is an added cost, but field staffing costs are lower; treatment of liquid wastes at commercial facilities adds cost. No site preparation or closure costs; in-field costs of characterizing, separating, and packaging CAIS would be incurred.
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From page 85... ...
In this option, local populations would be located near a fixed RRS, near an interim storage facility, and along proposed transportation routes. Key Issues for Each Stakeholder Group The basic issues for each stakeholder group are the same as for commercial incineration or the mobile RRS, although the particular applications and relative importance of issues may vary.
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From page 86... ...
Stakeholders Influence on Policy Stakeholders will have several opportunities to influence policy: during the selection of sitets) for the fixed RRSs, during the application process for the operating permit for the RRS, and during regulatory oversight of the transportation of CAlS to the RRS.
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From page 87... ...
. Sulfur mustard could be treated by the technology to be used in the chemical stockpile disposal facility being built at Aberdeen Proving Ground (Maryland)
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From page 88... ...
The Army might consider using facilities of the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (if permitted by changes in statutes) , commercial facilities, or small, government-owned facilities dedicated to CAIS disposal.
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From page 89... ...
Liquid waste streams from neutralization generally undergo further treatment before final disposal. In the ATA Program, the effluent Tom hydrolysis of sulfur mustard is analyzed to confirm a satisfactory level of agent before the liquid is released for further processing and disposal (NRC, 1996a)
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From page 90... ...
The latter might be carried through the ton container clean-out line in a basket, as is done in the Aberdeen process for small metal parts, such as valves and fittings. The following points would have to be verified for the destruction of CAlS mustard: establish that chloroform can be treated like other chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Aberdeen process verify the efficacy of the biodegradation process because the sulfur mustard in CAIS items may have different impurities than those found in ton containers stored at Aberdeen · demonstrate the effectiveness of the current ACAMS and Depot Area Air Monitoring System (DAAMS)
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From page 91... ...
One company in the Army's survey uses hightemperature, gas-phase hydrogen reduction in facilities outside the United States (Amr et al., 1998~. In testing under the ATA Program, the process destroyed sulfur mustard effectively on a laboratory scale.
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From page 92... ...
SCWO has been demonstrated to destroy sulfur mustard with a 99.9999 percent DRE at laboratory scale (Spritzer et al., 1995~. The Army has proposed that agent-containing charcoal filters from stockpile disposal facilities, such as Aberdeen Proving Ground, be disposed of by SCWO.
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From page 93... ...
Public/Stakeholder Involvement Nonincineration-based disposal methods are likely to be more acceptable to many segments of the public, and public support could decrease the legal and regulatory delays before a nonincineration method could be in operation. Given the history of public reaction to the stockpile disposal program and the Army's public commitments on restricting the use of any stockpile facility, including nonincineration facilities, a well designed public involvement program to explore acceptability for use of stockpile facilities would be essential prior to any Army decisions.
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