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From page 345... ... , 9, 11, 15, 24, 40, 45, 87-88, 93, 122, 124, 144, 160-162, 191, 237, 242-244 defined, 10 digital divide, 14-15, 71, 125, 195, 209, 210, 211, 245-246 e-mail between patients and providers, 63, 70 in consumer health applications, 63, 70, 87-88, 124 in professional education, 107-108 in public health, 101 see also Data security; Intellectual property; Privacy; Ubiquity of access 345 Read the entire page →
From page 346... ... , 74, 287, 288, 289, 290, 304 local loops, 61, 162-167 National Health Alert Network, 99-100 Next Generation Internet, 16, 49, 250251 overprovisioning, 137, 138-139 private networks, 43 reconfigurable, 18, 164, 253 satellite telecommunications, 166-167 Very high performance Backbone Network Service (vBNS) , 49, 51, 115, 116, 284, 294, 299 INDEX Biomedical research, ix, 1, 2, 3, 5, 16, 57, 108-123, 255, 306-307, 319 bandwidth needed, 110, 111, 121-122, 123, 240-241 clinical trials, 55(n.2) Read the entire page →
From page 347... ... , 90, 91, 309, 311-312 Comprehensive Telehealth Act, 224 Compression technology, 72, 77, 78-79, 80, 114, 115, 116, 129, 272, 286, 288, 290, 315 The Computer-Based Patient Record, 204 347 Computed tomography (CT) , 4, 65, 72, 78, 134, 164, 238, 274, 300 Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, 1-2, 144, 173, 229 Conference on Fair Use, 217 Confidentiality, see Encryption; Privacy; Security Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey, 90 Consumer health, 2-3, 27, 35, 37-38, 57, 58, 71, 152, 235, 245-246, 262 alternative medicine, 60 availability of access, 63, 70, 87-88, 124 bandwidth needs, 61, 65, 67-68, 69, 71,280 chat groups, ix, 5, 60, 191, 192-193, 196, 239, 261, 290 data security for, 61, 63, 64-65, 68, 70-71, 238-239, 249 e-commerce and, 9, 10-11, 35, 60-61, 63, 71, 85, 168, 179-182, 310 e-mail, patient/provider exchanges, 14, 22, 37, 62-64, 70, 189, 192, 197, 248, 279 foreign language speakers, 119-120, 266267 latency needs, 62, 69-70, 279 organizational factors, 9, 10-11, 179-182, 183, 191, 195 primary online activities, ranked, 61 quality control, 2, 14, 61-62, 246-247, 255-256, 292 remote consultations, 6, 8-9, 16, 17, 18, 20, 30-33, 36, 57, 71, 72-76, 88, 220-221, 228-229, 236-237, 238239, 244, 247, 258, 266-267, 280, 285-286, 288-289, 292, 323 risk factors, 3, 31, 34, 58, 59, 60, 95-96, 274, 288 support groups, ix, 5, 60, 61, 196, 239 technical requirements, 4-5, 6, 8-9, 6668, 69-71, 238-239, 245-246 Web sites, 9, 10-11, 59-62, 64-65, 69, 190, 196-197, 216, 256, 262, 277-280 pharmaceutical companies, 60, 71, 189, 221 see also Clinical care; Data security; Home care; Insurance; Managed care; Privacy; Records of patients; Telemedicine; crossreferences under Demographic factors Read the entire page →
From page 348... ... , 120, 223, 228, 229, 255 Indian Health Service, 20, 21, 24, 258, 259 see also Health Care Financing Administration; National Institutes of Health; National Library of Medicine Department of Veterans Affairs, 20, 24, 221, 223, 225, 258, 259, 264 Dermatology, 73, 184, 191, 274, 285, 286, 289, 291, 302 Diabetes, 55 (n. Read the entire page →
From page 349... ... 1 errorlsm patient records, 81, 83, 144, 159, 160, 206 patient transport, 321, 330 videoconferencing, 4-5 Encryption, 17, 30, 32, 40, 62, 63-65, 70, 79, 145, 147, 150-155, 325 authentication and, 151-153 bioterrorism response, 100 e-commerce, 63, 71 e-mail, 156-157, 167-168, 169, 300 firewalls, 149 home care, 68, 267 in administrative and financial transactions, 91, 172 MINDSCAPE, 302 patient record sharing, 82-83, 84, 292293 Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption, 17, 63, 64, 154-155, 252 time factors, 150-151 European Union, 208-209 Evaluation issues, 15, 19-22, 193, 250, 257261 biomedical research, 117-118 consumer health information, 61-62, 255-256 e-mail between patients and providers, 62 Read the entire page →
From page 350... ... 350 quality of information, 2, 14, 61-62, 246247, 255-256, 292 scalability of protocols, 16-17 technical considerations, 38-41 see also Demonstration projects; Standards Expert systems, 227, 228-229 Extensible Markup Language (XML) , 85, 86, 198, 331 F FDA Modernization Act, 120 Federal Communications Commission, 211 Federal government, ix, 20-21, 24-25, 29, 96, 202-203, 211-212, 223-227, 254-260 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 24, 46, 47-48, 49, 221, 250, 283-284, 299, 300 National Center for Biotechnology Information, 109, 111, 117 National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, 114-116 National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, 25, 264, 265 National Institute of Standards and Technology, 46, 47 National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 212 see also Funding; Next Generation Internet; Regulatory issues; Legislation; terms beginning Department of Financial issues, see Health care financing Firewalls, 147, 148-150 For the Record: Protecting Electronic Health Information, 204 Foundation for Health Care Quality, 91, 310-311 Funding, 51, 186, 202-203, 223-227, 254, 287-288, 303 certification authorities, 156 clinical research, 120 Department of Health and Human Services, 20, 23, 257-258 distance learning and telemedicine, 214 Next Generation Internet, 4648 payment mechanisms, 221 remote consultations, 36, 287-288, 301 underserved areas, 211-212, 213-215 workforce study, 262-263 INDEX G Geographic factors, 125, 195 biomedical research, bandwidth, 110 clinical care, 71, 72 Kaiser-Permanente, 275-276 payment policies, 220 professional education, 102, 203; see also Distance learning see also Home care; Remotely controlled equipment; Rural areas; Ubiquity of access; Underserved areas; Urban areas Government role, 27 see also Federal government; Legislation; Public health; Public policy; Regulatory issues; State government H Hackers, 4-5, 11, 144, 145, 203, 240 anonymous e-mail, 169-170 firewalls, 147, 148-150 viruses, electronic, 145, 160 Health Alert Network, 99, 225 Health care financing, ix, 2, 57, 88-94, 125, 186-187 payment mechanisms, 2, 10, 24, 28, 32, 44, 89-92, 186, 194-195, 219-221, 235, 264 anonymous, 172 encryption, 91, 172 integrated services model, 140-141 patient monitoring, 66-67 secured transactions, 61, 190-191, 205, 242, 243 technical requirements, 4-5, 13, 90-91, 93-94, 238-239 see also Insurance; Medicaid; Medicare Health Care Financing Administration, 13, 20-21, 89-90, 91-92, 219-221, 225, 258, 264, 286 see also Medicaid; Medicare Health Care Personal Information Nondisclosure Act, 206 Health Data in the Information Age: Use, Disclosure, and Privacy, 204-205 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, 86, 92, 185, 205, 208 Read the entire page →
From page 351... ... , 35, 44 patient record sharing, 81-82 public health surveillance and, 97-98 see also Emergency care; Surgery Hypertext transfer protocol, 84, 147, 261 Hypertext markup language (HTML) , 86, 104, 196, 290, 295, 296-297 I Images, see Digital images Indian Health Service, 20, 21, 24, 258, 259 Infrastructure, see Technological issues Insurance, 5, 8, 11, 12, 35, 37, 44, 89-90, 186, 195, 239, 247 data security, 11, 145, 241 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, 86, 92, 185, 205, 208 payment mechanisms, 2, 10, 24, 28, 32, 44, 219-221 spot market purchases, 191-192 standards for claims and payments, 9293, 186, 219-221 see also Health maintenance organizations; Managed care; Medicaid; Medicare 351 Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems program, 300 Integrated delivery networks (IDNs) Read the entire page →
From page 352... ... , 35 see also Health maintenance organizations Medicaid, 13, 21, 89, 264 Medical Information Privacy and Security Act, 206-207 Medical Information Protection Act, 206 Medical records, see Patient records Medicare, 13, 21, 89-90, 219-220, 223, 224, 225, 264 Medications, see Drugs MEDLARS, 33, 55 (n. Read the entire page →
From page 353... ... authentication, 17-18 bandwidth, 16, 49, 250-251 clinical care, 48, 319 data security, 17, 251-252 digital images, 4849, 305-306, 309, 317, 320-321, 323, 324, 326, 329, 331333 Internet 2 and, 50-51 security, 17, 312, 317-318 telemedicine, 48, 318-319, 321, 324, 327328, 332-333 353 testbed networks, 2, 16, 17, 20-21, 28, 47, 250-252, 259, 323, 326-327 video and teleconferencing, 48-49, 306 o Office of the Future, 293-294 Onion routing, 171-172 Open Systems Interconnection model, 146 Organizational factors, 13-14, 15-16, 25, 2829, 37-38, 58, 178-201, 204-205, 236, 244-245, 247-248, 265, 310311 barriers, external, 185-187 barriers, internal, 187-189, 194, 262 clinical care, 182-184, 188, 189, 192, 195, 196 consumer health, 9, 10-11, 179-182, 183, 191, 195 costs, 59, 179-180, 184, 185, 186-187, 194195, 196 data security, 38, 43, 147, 159, 203-205, 253 firewalls, 147, 148-150 information systems staff requirements, 14, 23, 196-199, 227-230, 260, 261263, 298-299 integrated delivery networks (IDNs) , 35-36 Kaiser-Permanente, 184, 196, 274-280 leadership, 197-199, 227 patient records, 82-83, 182-183 public health decision making, 98 Web hosting, 162 see also Administrative support; Health care financing; Insurance; Managed care Overprovisioning, 137, 138-139 p Partners in Information Access, 95 PathMaster, 328-329 Patient records, 4-5, 10, 20, 34, 57, 64-65, 70, 71-72, 80-87, 94, 194-195, 197, 236, 262, 264, 301, 320-321, 325 audit capabilities, 19, 83, 159, 207, 242, 256, 297, 302 availability needs, 11, 30, 64-65, 124, 133 e-mail, incorporation into, 64 Read the entire page →
From page 354... ... , 63, 150, 152, 156-157, 313 Preventive care, see Risk factors Primary care physicians, 13, 30, 31, 61, 191, 220 certification authorities, 155-156 Prison telemedicine, 72, 76, 215, 286-287, 289, 290 Privacy, 2, 5, 15, 24, 28, 38, 40, 56, 61, 68, 153, 167-173, 186, 193, 205-206, 235, 264, 310 and home care, 68 in financial and administrative transactions, 90-91 patient records, 64, 65, 68, 82-84, 124, 242, 249, 256, 262, 279, 292-293, 300, 310, 316-317, 324-325, 332333 encryption, 82-83, 84, 292-293 public policy, 203-209, 212, 214, 262 see also Pretty Good Privacy; Security Privacy Enhanced Mail, 152 Private networks, 34, 41, 4345, 74, 154, 297 see also Local area networks Private sector, general, ix, 50-51, 264 biomedical research databases, 109-110 demonstration projects, 20, 260-261 protocols, 21-22 regulatory issues, 14, 25, 205, 207-208 see also Insurance; Internet 2; Managed care INDEX Professional education, 2, 3, 6-7, 14, 15, 2223, 28, 57, 102-108, 240-241, 261263, 315-316 and intellectual property, 14, 217-218, 249, 307 availability, 107-108, 241 bandwidth needs, 104, 105, 107, 123, 126, 241, 281, 282, 290-291, 297298 continuing education, 105-107, 322 cost factors, 282-283 data security for, 108 distance education, 6-7, 214, 217-218, 238, 240-241, 249, 261, 266, 280283, 289-291, 293-298, 306-307, 324 graduate education, 102-105, 322 information systems staffs, 14, 23, 227230, 261-263 latency needs, 107, 124 Next Generation Internet, 4849, 318, 319, 322 remotely controlled apparatus, 113-114 simulations, 103, 104-105, 123, 124, 250, 293-294, 320, 329 ubiquity of access, 108, 241 video and teleconferencing, 6-7, 104, 106, 240-241, 266, 273, 280-283, 290, 291, 293-294, 297-298, 315, 325 Proprietary information, see Intellectual property Protocols, 21-22, 34, 42, 45, 55-56 (n. Read the entire page →
From page 355... ... 14) guarantees, 18, 41, 134-135, 140, 141, 142, 253-254, 256-257 Next Generation Internet, 46, 49, 251 licensing of health care providers, 14, 24, 105, 186, 189, 221-223, 224, 249, 267 malpractice, 14, 221-223, 263 privacy and security, 14, 25, 205, 207208 public health surveillance and, 98 see also Intellectual property; Legislation; Standards Remotely controlled equipment, 3, 4-7, 20, 36, 39, 68-69, 70, 75-76, 113-116, 121, 128 (n. Read the entire page →
From page 356... ... encryption, 17, 63, 64, 154-155, 252 Security, ix, 9-11, 15, 17, 22, 28, 29, 40, 45, 46, 123, 124, 136, 144-162, 167173, 186, 193, 235, 237-243, 262, 310, 322-323 access controls, 64-65, 145, 157-160, 242243, 256, 302 attribution/nonrepudiation, 146 authentication, 17-18, 63-65, 70, 145, 253, 279, 297 confidential e-mail, 156-157 cost factors, 144, 279 defined, 10 firewalls, 147, 148-150 for digital images, 79 for patient records, 64, 65, 68, 92-84, 124, 242, 249, 256, 262, 279, 292293, 300, 310, 316-317, 324-325, 332-333 encryption, 82-83, 84, 292-293 INDEX in biomedical research, 110-111, 122, 159, 316 in clinical care, 65, 68, 82-84, 88; see also for patient records supra in clinical trials, 121 in consumer applications, 61, 63, 64-65, 68, 70-71, 238-239 in e-mail between patients and providers, 63, 66, 300 in emergency care, 144, 159 in financial and administrative transactions, 61, 90-92, 94, 145, 172, 190-191, 205, 241, 242, 243 in home care, 68 in private networks, 34, 41, 4344, 74, 154, 297 in professional education, 108 in responding to bioterrorist attacks, 99100 information warfare, 5 Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) , 17, 150, 153-154 network availability, 6, 9-11, 160-162 Next Generation Internet, 49 on consumer Web sites, 61, 64-65, 249 organizational factors, 38, 42, 147, 159, 203-205, 253; see also firewalls supra perimeter control, 146 protocols, 32, 48, 72, 140, 252-253, 320321 public health information, 98-99, 101 public key infrastructure, 17, 63, 64, 152-156, 252, 264, 275, 276-277 public policy, 151-152, 203-209, 212, 214, 225, 264 recommendations regarding, 16-17, 251253 regulatory issues, 14, 25, 205, 207-208 rural areas, 48 Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Read the entire page →
From page 357... ... licensing of health care providers, 14, 24, 105, 186, 189, 221-223, 224, 249, 267 malpractice, 14, 221-223, 263 public health surveillance, 95, 96, 97 Washington State Laboratory Reporting Project, 312-313 Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho (WWAMI) Rural Telemedicine Network, 300, 302-303, 306-307 see also terms beginning University of SUPERNET, 49 Support groups, ix, 5, 60, 61, 196, 239 see also Chat groups Surgery, 3, 4-5, 8, 36, 71, 105, 123, 124, 239, 244, 250, 294, 316, 320, 323, 329 Synchronous Optical Network equipment, 135, 146 357 T Technology Opportunities Program, 212, 213-214 Teleconferencing, see Video and teleconferencing Telemammography, 48, 78, 79, 142-143, 236, 244, 272-273, 324, 332-333 Telemedicine, 21, 47, 52-53, 56, 69, 71, 186, 189, 197, 209, 224, 235, 236, 243, 248-249, 259, 300, 321 chat groups, ix, 5, 60, 191, 192-193, 196, 239, 261, 290 Comprehensive Telehealth Act, 224 costs, 184, 204, 287, 302, 303 defined, 56 funding, 214 licensing of health care providers, 14, 24, 105, 186, 189, 221-223, 224, 249, 267 malpractice, 14, 221-223, 263 Next Generation Internet, 48, 318-319, 321, 324, 327-328, 332-333 payment policies, 219-220 prisons, 72, 76, 215, 286-287, 289, 290 private sector (Internet 2) Read the entire page →
From page 358... ... image transmission and, 78,115-116 Next Generation Internet, 4849, 306 professional education, 6-7,104,106, 240-241, 266, 273, 280-283, 290, 291, 293-294, 297-298, 315, 325 public health, 4-5, 238-239, 100 quality of service, 133,134 see also Digital images; Simulations Viruses, electronic, 145,160 see also Firewalls; Hackers W Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho (WWAMI) Rural Telemedicine Network, 300, 302303, 306-307 Wavelength division multiplexing technology, 135 WebTV, 210, 291 Western Governors' Association, 222 World Wide Web Consortium, 62 World Wide Web Electronic Medical Record System, 81-83 X X rays, 4, 36, 65, 74, 78, 80, 84, 113, 134, 164, 238, 244, 294 XML, see Extensible Markup Language Read the entire page →

From page 345...

... , 9, 11, 15, 24, 40, 45, 87-88, 93, 122, 124, 144, 160-162, 191, 237, 242-244 defined, 10 digital divide, 14-15, 71, 125, 195, 209, 210, 211, 245-246 e-mail between patients and providers, 63, 70 in consumer health applications, 63, 70, 87-88, 124 in professional education, 107-108 in public health, 101 see also Data security; Intellectual property; Privacy; Ubiquity of access 345

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From page 346...

... , 74, 287, 288, 289, 290, 304 local loops, 61, 162-167 National Health Alert Network, 99-100 Next Generation Internet, 16, 49, 250251 overprovisioning, 137, 138-139 private networks, 43 reconfigurable, 18, 164, 253 satellite telecommunications, 166-167 Very high performance Backbone Network Service (vBNS) , 49, 51, 115, 116, 284, 294, 299 INDEX Biomedical research, ix, 1, 2, 3, 5, 16, 57, 108-123, 255, 306-307, 319 bandwidth needed, 110, 111, 121-122, 123, 240-241 clinical trials, 55(n.2)

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From page 347...

... , 90, 91, 309, 311-312 Comprehensive Telehealth Act, 224 Compression technology, 72, 77, 78-79, 80, 114, 115, 116, 129, 272, 286, 288, 290, 315 The Computer-Based Patient Record, 204 347 Computed tomography (CT) , 4, 65, 72, 78, 134, 164, 238, 274, 300 Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, 1-2, 144, 173, 229 Conference on Fair Use, 217 Confidentiality, see Encryption; Privacy; Security Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey, 90 Consumer health, 2-3, 27, 35, 37-38, 57, 58, 71, 152, 235, 245-246, 262 alternative medicine, 60 availability of access, 63, 70, 87-88, 124 bandwidth needs, 61, 65, 67-68, 69, 71,280 chat groups, ix, 5, 60, 191, 192-193, 196, 239, 261, 290 data security for, 61, 63, 64-65, 68, 70-71, 238-239, 249 e-commerce and, 9, 10-11, 35, 60-61, 63, 71, 85, 168, 179-182, 310 e-mail, patient/provider exchanges, 14, 22, 37, 62-64, 70, 189, 192, 197, 248, 279 foreign language speakers, 119-120, 266267 latency needs, 62, 69-70, 279 organizational factors, 9, 10-11, 179-182, 183, 191, 195 primary online activities, ranked, 61 quality control, 2, 14, 61-62, 246-247, 255-256, 292 remote consultations, 6, 8-9, 16, 17, 18, 20, 30-33, 36, 57, 71, 72-76, 88, 220-221, 228-229, 236-237, 238239, 244, 247, 258, 266-267, 280, 285-286, 288-289, 292, 323 risk factors, 3, 31, 34, 58, 59, 60, 95-96, 274, 288 support groups, ix, 5, 60, 61, 196, 239 technical requirements, 4-5, 6, 8-9, 6668, 69-71, 238-239, 245-246 Web sites, 9, 10-11, 59-62, 64-65, 69, 190, 196-197, 216, 256, 262, 277-280 pharmaceutical companies, 60, 71, 189, 221 see also Clinical care; Data security; Home care; Insurance; Managed care; Privacy; Records of patients; Telemedicine; crossreferences under Demographic factors

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From page 348...

... , 120, 223, 228, 229, 255 Indian Health Service, 20, 21, 24, 258, 259 see also Health Care Financing Administration; National Institutes of Health; National Library of Medicine Department of Veterans Affairs, 20, 24, 221, 223, 225, 258, 259, 264 Dermatology, 73, 184, 191, 274, 285, 286, 289, 291, 302 Diabetes, 55 (n.

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From page 349...

... 1 errorlsm patient records, 81, 83, 144, 159, 160, 206 patient transport, 321, 330 videoconferencing, 4-5 Encryption, 17, 30, 32, 40, 62, 63-65, 70, 79, 145, 147, 150-155, 325 authentication and, 151-153 bioterrorism response, 100 e-commerce, 63, 71 e-mail, 156-157, 167-168, 169, 300 firewalls, 149 home care, 68, 267 in administrative and financial transactions, 91, 172 MINDSCAPE, 302 patient record sharing, 82-83, 84, 292293 Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption, 17, 63, 64, 154-155, 252 time factors, 150-151 European Union, 208-209 Evaluation issues, 15, 19-22, 193, 250, 257261 biomedical research, 117-118 consumer health information, 61-62, 255-256 e-mail between patients and providers, 62

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From page 350...

... 350 quality of information, 2, 14, 61-62, 246247, 255-256, 292 scalability of protocols, 16-17 technical considerations, 38-41 see also Demonstration projects; Standards Expert systems, 227, 228-229 Extensible Markup Language (XML) , 85, 86, 198, 331 F FDA Modernization Act, 120 Federal Communications Commission, 211 Federal government, ix, 20-21, 24-25, 29, 96, 202-203, 211-212, 223-227, 254-260 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 24, 46, 47-48, 49, 221, 250, 283-284, 299, 300 National Center for Biotechnology Information, 109, 111, 117 National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, 114-116 National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, 25, 264, 265 National Institute of Standards and Technology, 46, 47 National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 212 see also Funding; Next Generation Internet; Regulatory issues; Legislation; terms beginning Department of Financial issues, see Health care financing Firewalls, 147, 148-150 For the Record: Protecting Electronic Health Information, 204 Foundation for Health Care Quality, 91, 310-311 Funding, 51, 186, 202-203, 223-227, 254, 287-288, 303 certification authorities, 156 clinical research, 120 Department of Health and Human Services, 20, 23, 257-258 distance learning and telemedicine, 214 Next Generation Internet, 4648 payment mechanisms, 221 remote consultations, 36, 287-288, 301 underserved areas, 211-212, 213-215 workforce study, 262-263 INDEX G Geographic factors, 125, 195 biomedical research, bandwidth, 110 clinical care, 71, 72 Kaiser-Permanente, 275-276 payment policies, 220 professional education, 102, 203; see also Distance learning see also Home care; Remotely controlled equipment; Rural areas; Ubiquity of access; Underserved areas; Urban areas Government role, 27 see also Federal government; Legislation; Public health; Public policy; Regulatory issues; State government H Hackers, 4-5, 11, 144, 145, 203, 240 anonymous e-mail, 169-170 firewalls, 147, 148-150 viruses, electronic, 145, 160 Health Alert Network, 99, 225 Health care financing, ix, 2, 57, 88-94, 125, 186-187 payment mechanisms, 2, 10, 24, 28, 32, 44, 89-92, 186, 194-195, 219-221, 235, 264 anonymous, 172 encryption, 91, 172 integrated services model, 140-141 patient monitoring, 66-67 secured transactions, 61, 190-191, 205, 242, 243 technical requirements, 4-5, 13, 90-91, 93-94, 238-239 see also Insurance; Medicaid; Medicare Health Care Financing Administration, 13, 20-21, 89-90, 91-92, 219-221, 225, 258, 264, 286 see also Medicaid; Medicare Health Care Personal Information Nondisclosure Act, 206 Health Data in the Information Age: Use, Disclosure, and Privacy, 204-205 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, 86, 92, 185, 205, 208

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From page 351...

... , 35, 44 patient record sharing, 81-82 public health surveillance and, 97-98 see also Emergency care; Surgery Hypertext transfer protocol, 84, 147, 261 Hypertext markup language (HTML) , 86, 104, 196, 290, 295, 296-297 I Images, see Digital images Indian Health Service, 20, 21, 24, 258, 259 Infrastructure, see Technological issues Insurance, 5, 8, 11, 12, 35, 37, 44, 89-90, 186, 195, 239, 247 data security, 11, 145, 241 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, 86, 92, 185, 205, 208 payment mechanisms, 2, 10, 24, 28, 32, 44, 219-221 spot market purchases, 191-192 standards for claims and payments, 9293, 186, 219-221 see also Health maintenance organizations; Managed care; Medicaid; Medicare 351 Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems program, 300 Integrated delivery networks (IDNs)

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From page 352...

... , 35 see also Health maintenance organizations Medicaid, 13, 21, 89, 264 Medical Information Privacy and Security Act, 206-207 Medical Information Protection Act, 206 Medical records, see Patient records Medicare, 13, 21, 89-90, 219-220, 223, 224, 225, 264 Medications, see Drugs MEDLARS, 33, 55 (n.

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From page 353...

... authentication, 17-18 bandwidth, 16, 49, 250-251 clinical care, 48, 319 data security, 17, 251-252 digital images, 4849, 305-306, 309, 317, 320-321, 323, 324, 326, 329, 331333 Internet 2 and, 50-51 security, 17, 312, 317-318 telemedicine, 48, 318-319, 321, 324, 327328, 332-333 353 testbed networks, 2, 16, 17, 20-21, 28, 47, 250-252, 259, 323, 326-327 video and teleconferencing, 48-49, 306 o Office of the Future, 293-294 Onion routing, 171-172 Open Systems Interconnection model, 146 Organizational factors, 13-14, 15-16, 25, 2829, 37-38, 58, 178-201, 204-205, 236, 244-245, 247-248, 265, 310311 barriers, external, 185-187 barriers, internal, 187-189, 194, 262 clinical care, 182-184, 188, 189, 192, 195, 196 consumer health, 9, 10-11, 179-182, 183, 191, 195 costs, 59, 179-180, 184, 185, 186-187, 194195, 196 data security, 38, 43, 147, 159, 203-205, 253 firewalls, 147, 148-150 information systems staff requirements, 14, 23, 196-199, 227-230, 260, 261263, 298-299 integrated delivery networks (IDNs) , 35-36 Kaiser-Permanente, 184, 196, 274-280 leadership, 197-199, 227 patient records, 82-83, 182-183 public health decision making, 98 Web hosting, 162 see also Administrative support; Health care financing; Insurance; Managed care Overprovisioning, 137, 138-139 p Partners in Information Access, 95 PathMaster, 328-329 Patient records, 4-5, 10, 20, 34, 57, 64-65, 70, 71-72, 80-87, 94, 194-195, 197, 236, 262, 264, 301, 320-321, 325 audit capabilities, 19, 83, 159, 207, 242, 256, 297, 302 availability needs, 11, 30, 64-65, 124, 133 e-mail, incorporation into, 64

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From page 354...

... , 63, 150, 152, 156-157, 313 Preventive care, see Risk factors Primary care physicians, 13, 30, 31, 61, 191, 220 certification authorities, 155-156 Prison telemedicine, 72, 76, 215, 286-287, 289, 290 Privacy, 2, 5, 15, 24, 28, 38, 40, 56, 61, 68, 153, 167-173, 186, 193, 205-206, 235, 264, 310 and home care, 68 in financial and administrative transactions, 90-91 patient records, 64, 65, 68, 82-84, 124, 242, 249, 256, 262, 279, 292-293, 300, 310, 316-317, 324-325, 332333 encryption, 82-83, 84, 292-293 public policy, 203-209, 212, 214, 262 see also Pretty Good Privacy; Security Privacy Enhanced Mail, 152 Private networks, 34, 41, 4345, 74, 154, 297 see also Local area networks Private sector, general, ix, 50-51, 264 biomedical research databases, 109-110 demonstration projects, 20, 260-261 protocols, 21-22 regulatory issues, 14, 25, 205, 207-208 see also Insurance; Internet 2; Managed care INDEX Professional education, 2, 3, 6-7, 14, 15, 2223, 28, 57, 102-108, 240-241, 261263, 315-316 and intellectual property, 14, 217-218, 249, 307 availability, 107-108, 241 bandwidth needs, 104, 105, 107, 123, 126, 241, 281, 282, 290-291, 297298 continuing education, 105-107, 322 cost factors, 282-283 data security for, 108 distance education, 6-7, 214, 217-218, 238, 240-241, 249, 261, 266, 280283, 289-291, 293-298, 306-307, 324 graduate education, 102-105, 322 information systems staffs, 14, 23, 227230, 261-263 latency needs, 107, 124 Next Generation Internet, 4849, 318, 319, 322 remotely controlled apparatus, 113-114 simulations, 103, 104-105, 123, 124, 250, 293-294, 320, 329 ubiquity of access, 108, 241 video and teleconferencing, 6-7, 104, 106, 240-241, 266, 273, 280-283, 290, 291, 293-294, 297-298, 315, 325 Proprietary information, see Intellectual property Protocols, 21-22, 34, 42, 45, 55-56 (n.

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From page 355...

... 14) guarantees, 18, 41, 134-135, 140, 141, 142, 253-254, 256-257 Next Generation Internet, 46, 49, 251 licensing of health care providers, 14, 24, 105, 186, 189, 221-223, 224, 249, 267 malpractice, 14, 221-223, 263 privacy and security, 14, 25, 205, 207208 public health surveillance and, 98 see also Intellectual property; Legislation; Standards Remotely controlled equipment, 3, 4-7, 20, 36, 39, 68-69, 70, 75-76, 113-116, 121, 128 (n.

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From page 356...

... encryption, 17, 63, 64, 154-155, 252 Security, ix, 9-11, 15, 17, 22, 28, 29, 40, 45, 46, 123, 124, 136, 144-162, 167173, 186, 193, 235, 237-243, 262, 310, 322-323 access controls, 64-65, 145, 157-160, 242243, 256, 302 attribution/nonrepudiation, 146 authentication, 17-18, 63-65, 70, 145, 253, 279, 297 confidential e-mail, 156-157 cost factors, 144, 279 defined, 10 firewalls, 147, 148-150 for digital images, 79 for patient records, 64, 65, 68, 92-84, 124, 242, 249, 256, 262, 279, 292293, 300, 310, 316-317, 324-325, 332-333 encryption, 82-83, 84, 292-293 INDEX in biomedical research, 110-111, 122, 159, 316 in clinical care, 65, 68, 82-84, 88; see also for patient records supra in clinical trials, 121 in consumer applications, 61, 63, 64-65, 68, 70-71, 238-239 in e-mail between patients and providers, 63, 66, 300 in emergency care, 144, 159 in financial and administrative transactions, 61, 90-92, 94, 145, 172, 190-191, 205, 241, 242, 243 in home care, 68 in private networks, 34, 41, 4344, 74, 154, 297 in professional education, 108 in responding to bioterrorist attacks, 99100 information warfare, 5 Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) , 17, 150, 153-154 network availability, 6, 9-11, 160-162 Next Generation Internet, 49 on consumer Web sites, 61, 64-65, 249 organizational factors, 38, 42, 147, 159, 203-205, 253; see also firewalls supra perimeter control, 146 protocols, 32, 48, 72, 140, 252-253, 320321 public health information, 98-99, 101 public key infrastructure, 17, 63, 64, 152-156, 252, 264, 275, 276-277 public policy, 151-152, 203-209, 212, 214, 225, 264 recommendations regarding, 16-17, 251253 regulatory issues, 14, 25, 205, 207-208 rural areas, 48 Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

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From page 357...

... licensing of health care providers, 14, 24, 105, 186, 189, 221-223, 224, 249, 267 malpractice, 14, 221-223, 263 public health surveillance, 95, 96, 97 Washington State Laboratory Reporting Project, 312-313 Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho (WWAMI) Rural Telemedicine Network, 300, 302-303, 306-307 see also terms beginning University of SUPERNET, 49 Support groups, ix, 5, 60, 61, 196, 239 see also Chat groups Surgery, 3, 4-5, 8, 36, 71, 105, 123, 124, 239, 244, 250, 294, 316, 320, 323, 329 Synchronous Optical Network equipment, 135, 146 357 T Technology Opportunities Program, 212, 213-214 Teleconferencing, see Video and teleconferencing Telemammography, 48, 78, 79, 142-143, 236, 244, 272-273, 324, 332-333 Telemedicine, 21, 47, 52-53, 56, 69, 71, 186, 189, 197, 209, 224, 235, 236, 243, 248-249, 259, 300, 321 chat groups, ix, 5, 60, 191, 192-193, 196, 239, 261, 290 Comprehensive Telehealth Act, 224 costs, 184, 204, 287, 302, 303 defined, 56 funding, 214 licensing of health care providers, 14, 24, 105, 186, 189, 221-223, 224, 249, 267 malpractice, 14, 221-223, 263 Next Generation Internet, 48, 318-319, 321, 324, 327-328, 332-333 payment policies, 219-220 prisons, 72, 76, 215, 286-287, 289, 290 private sector (Internet 2)

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From page 358...

... image transmission and, 78,115-116 Next Generation Internet, 4849, 306 professional education, 6-7,104,106, 240-241, 266, 273, 280-283, 290, 291, 293-294, 297-298, 315, 325 public health, 4-5, 238-239, 100 quality of service, 133,134 see also Digital images; Simulations Viruses, electronic, 145,160 see also Firewalls; Hackers W Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho (WWAMI) Rural Telemedicine Network, 300, 302303, 306-307 Wavelength division multiplexing technology, 135 WebTV, 210, 291 Western Governors' Association, 222 World Wide Web Consortium, 62 World Wide Web Electronic Medical Record System, 81-83 X X rays, 4, 36, 65, 74, 78, 80, 84, 113, 134, 164, 238, 244, 294 XML, see Extensible Markup Language

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Index Pages 345-358

Index
Pages 345-358