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Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C Signaling Pathways
Pages 296-308

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From page 296...
... Pathways 11-17 are used extensively in the physiological function of differentiated cells of the fetus, juvenile, and adult. Approximately twelve intracellular pathways of checkpoint controls and molecular stress responses are currently known.
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From page 297...
... Wnt pathway via JNK (planar cell polarity pathway) Drosophila and vertebrates.
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From page 298...
... 3. Hedgehog pathway (Patched receptor protein)
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From page 299...
... Mediates some stress responses (via p38K?
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From page 300...
... 6. Receptor-linked cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (cytokine)
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From page 301...
... Aft: 8. Nuclear hormone receptor pathway Drosophila and vertebrates have steroid and retinoic receptors.
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From page 302...
... , and intracellular signals such as DNA damage due to cellular stresses or checkpoint failures. ~ I T~-~ : S:: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ T2 2 7272522 2 7 STi: ~: S i ~ ~ S TNF 0N ~:~,,,~,~,~,~ ~ ~ ~ i~: ~: :~ - -as receptor ~ ras L r ~ (~'death ligand')
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From page 303...
... 11. Receptor guanylate cyclase pathway Drosophila, vertebrates In mammals, ligands include natriuretic peptides A,B,C and retinyl guanylate cyclase.
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From page 304...
... Many receptor proteins (1000 odorant receptors in vertebrates) , rhodopsin (light)
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From page 305...
... Cadherin pathway All metazoa In vertebrates, >10 kinds of cadherins (maybe many more) such as N
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From page 306...
... Ligand-gated cation channel pathway All metazoa. In vertebrates there are several receptors and several ligands, e.g.
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From page 307...
... APPENDIX C 18. A stress response: The unfolded protein response (UPR)
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From page 308...
... ~ . ~ ~:~:~:~:~ ~:~ i::: :: ~ ~ :::: :~:~:~ I: I:::::::: i:\ = =:: ::::::::: :::::: ::::: ::: ::::: ::: ::: ::: ::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: :% ~ ~:~:~:~:~ ~:~:~:~ ~ i: :: :: :: ~:~:~:~:~ ~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~ I: ::: ~ :: :~:~:~:~:~: :~:~:~ :: :::: :: ::::::::: ::::: :::: :: ~ :::: :::::: :: ~ :::: i: ~ ~ Hi: ~ : ~ ~ :: ~ ~ ~ ~ All:: :: ~ i: Incomplete DNA ~ replication DNA synthesis inhibitors ~ ~ ~ r— ~ A:::: ::::::::::::~::-::::::::::' A__ ~~ Be:: ~ ~ ~ :::: :::: i:::::::::::: ::::::::::::::: i::: :::: i.
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Key Terms

  • molecular stress
  • unfolded protein
  • protein response
  • stress responses
  • dna damage

  • stress response
  • receptor protein
  • twelve intracellular
  • restore function
  • increase refolding

  • dna synthesis
  • tyrosine phosphatase
  • related stress
  • hedgehog pathway
  • planar cell

  • checkpoint control
  • nuclear hormone
  • lower half
  • checkpoint controls
  • wnt pathway

  • approximately twelve
  • hormone receptor
  • genotoxic stress
  • guanylate cyclase
  • patched receptor

  • cell polarity
  • chaperone protein
  • intracellular pathways
  • receptor guanylate
  • tyrosine kinase


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