Review of the U.S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program (2000) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 15-28
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From page 15... ...
Eruptions do not affect only the area immediately surrounding a volcano. Ashfall can devastate areas downwind; ash clouds from major explosive eruptions can threaten large numbers of aircraft along welltraveled flight paths especially across the North Pacific; and large eruptions influence global climate and agricultural production.
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From page 16... ...
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-288) states that "the President shall insure that all appropriate federal agencies are prepared to issue warnings of disasters to State and Local officials." The director of the USGS, through the Secretary of the Interior, has been delegated the responsibility to issue disaster warnings "for an earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, or other geologic catastrophe." Therefore, the USGS has the responsibility to issue timely warnings of potential geologic hazards to the affected populace and civil authorities.
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From page 17... ...
~~tal:l~lu ma ~~l~ll~l Au ~::=l~lt~l~K~ll~ y~;~:~:~:aa;~u it: - Es~li~s~ent of Cascades Volcano ~sewat~ ::::::::: :::: ::: :: ~ ~~ ~~ Jo ~~ ~A: —~ ~~ ~~ we :~——~$—~~ :~-A:~:A~AA~A~: ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~Es~lls~t of Long Valley QbseF~ato~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~,~.,~.~.~.~.,.~.~ ~~ ,~: ___ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~.~.~ ~~ ~ ~-~-~ -- ~-~-~-~- -- ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ Davison comport ~~ ~~:~ ~~ ~~ ~;~ ~~ :; ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~:~ ~~ ~ :~ Maiitia Loath empiion ~~lIawaii~lava~ flow threatens i: city of Chile ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ 1 984: .~ ~~-~-~.~-~.~-~.~- ~~ ~~ ..
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From page 18... ...
· _ ~ LVO) ~ ~ Denver co (Menlo Park, CA)
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From page 19... ...
~~ ~;:~l~ila~uea~: Sabered IBM ~5~2 ': ~;~:~its~ ~ ~~ ~~ A ~ ~~'~ ~~'~'~ ~~ I' ;voicano Fauna boa erupted ~fi:am~ its ~suTmriit in i949 and Again fiom~iis~ so - west nh Zen l9S0.;~The ~later: e~rupfion~:sent ~~rivers~of;:lava~'-~that flowed~;~'6i'~ Velocities of up to ~ km per hour, Of a major highway in three places, aim poured Plato ~e:~sea.~ ~~Th=e:: ~c~t~zens~ of::Hawa~i~-:received~ an: abrupt ~~remi~er~fbat:~ Heir volcanoes i; pose serious threats ~ to life ~and: property. USGS ~ ~mar~agem0 - responded by: increasing; the scientific staff of led: HVO:~and :~initiadng~olcai,o -~ha,,£~;s~research~;in~:the:~:C~ascade~Range::~::of:~;he~Pacific~Northw~ t:~I~ ~1~9 8~' ~~'~ Wole'mo~H=~s~Pm~r~ ~~ ~ 'by ~ ~~ ~~ if' ~~ ~ I'd i' ~~'~ ~~.
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From page 20... ...
1~. Because many of the most significant hazards of ice-clad stratovoIcanoes involve fluvial processes, such as mudflows and debris flows, CVO included scientists from the USGS Water Resources Division (WRD)
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From page 21... ...
Following a series of life-threatening encounters between jet aircraft and volcanic ash plumes in the late 1980s, the aviation industry recognized the risk posed by eruptions, especially along the heavily traveled North Pacific routes. AVO took on the role of providing timely warnings to airlines and pilots of any Alaskan eruptions capable of affecting aircraft safety.
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From page 22... ...
The USGS is organized into four divisions (Geologic, Water Resources, Biological Resources, and National Mapping) , with a total fiscal year 1999 appropriated funding level of $797.24 million.
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From page 23... ...
_ _ _ I ~ ,. I ' by Redoubt ~ Supplement Geothermal Merger 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 Fiscal Year Figure 1.2 Appropriated funding level for VHP.
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From page 24... ...
60m Q 50I 40 a' 30. 20 10 o ~ · Cooperative Agreements ~ Water Resources Division Geologic Division .
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(1) Long-term hazard assessment of the potential magnitude and timing of future eruptions requires documentation of a volcano's past activity.
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From page 26... ...
These types of responsibilities have grown in recent years, both for the VHP and for other agencies, although the VHP's ability to maintain them has at times been hampered by insufficient funds. In evaluating the VoIcano Hazards Program, perhaps the most basic question that USGS management must consider is, "What is the appropriate balance among research, operations, and outreach within the VHP, given changes in budgetary priorities and ancillary capabilities of other organizations?
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From page 27... ...
OI v() lU~nlU gases and rocks, igneous petrology, geophysics, groundwater hydrology, remote sensing, geodesy, eruption prediction, volcano hazard assessment, emergency management, preparedness and responses risk communication, and science administration.
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From page 28... ...
Individuals who provided the committee with oral or written input are identified in Appendix B As background material, the committee reviewed relevant USGS and VHP documents and materials through August 1999, pertinent NRC reports, and other technical reports and published literature.
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