Personnel Needs and Training for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Volume 1 (1977) / Chapter Skim
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7 Nursing Research
7 Nursing Research
Pages 150-169
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From page 150... ...
In contrast to the basic science training support avail able to nurses through the ROSA programs of NIH or ADAMHA 3 the programs of the Division of Nursing are intended exit Acidly to prepare the nurse "to conduct scient~ fic inquiry in disciplines that have relevance in nurs ing theory and practice" (Appendix N4 ~ . Research training support has been provided to nurses since ~ 955 through special fellowships awarded by the NIH under ~ he general research authorities of the Public Health Service Ace.
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From page 151... ...
. In the sections that follow the Committee has sought to address: (~} the current trends in nursing research that bear on the future course of research training provided through the programs of the Divi sion of Nursing, ~ 2} the changing status of doctoral training for nurses, and (3)
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From page 152... ...
. The case study method contributed to a shift away from a primary cone ern with professional procedures to an interest in the rod e of the patient in nursing care (Mauksch and Mauksch, 19501.
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From page 153... ...
In 1966, this program phased out, and in its place a program of institutional research support was initiated, since it was felt that ''many of the original goals of the early faculty development had been achieved" {Gortner, 19731. However, the pressures for highly qualified faculty and clinicians in recent years have led to separate authority for advanced nursing training under the Nurse Training Act of 1975 (PL 94-63)
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From page 154... ...
4000 ID ~ 3000 o 2000 1 000 Total Nursing Research —Nursing Research Project Grants - Special Fellowships in Nursing Research Nurse Scientist Graduate Training Grants O 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 FISCAL YEAR /_ ~ _' ~ ,1 1 1 1968 1970 1972 1974 FIGURE 7.1 Total annual expenditure for extramural nursing research and research training, FY 1956-75.
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From page 155... ...
There has been a significant expansion in the number of nurses seeking doctorates in basic science departments outside schools of nursing in recen'_ years, and also an increase in the number seeking doctoral training in nursing research, as it is now beginning to be provided through schools of nurs ing. DOCTORAL TRAINING IN NURSING RESEARCH In contrast to the medical or dental professions, in which a doctoral e is conf erred on the individual completing professional training, the baccalaureate in nursing is usuall y the h ighe st ace demi c degre ~ awarde ~ to the nurs e to complete professional training.
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From page 156... ...
As efforts were mad" to enhance the quality of nursing care through advanced education, i' was apparent that there was a critical shortage of doctorally trained nurses to provide the necessary leadership in schools of nursing through research and teaching (Leininger , ~ 97 4 ~ . Even today there are ~ ess than 2, 000 registered nurses who have completed doctoral education, scarcely more than an average of one doctoral ly trained nurse for each school Of nursing in the United St ates (Jacob and Hansen, 1976)
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From page 157... ...
In the f ace o f this rapid expansion in the number Of doctoral ~ y trained nurses, the Committee sought to assess the extent to which the market has been able to absorb these emerging doctorates. Focusing on recent doctorates, the survey instrument that had been designed to assess the market for biomedical and behavioral science doctorates (see Chapter 3 and 4, and Suppl ement 6} was sent to the 551 nurses who earned doctoral degrees between 197 ~ and ~ 975.
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From page 158... ...
As me ght be expected, almost all of those doing research cons ide r Ed the i r work di rectI y or indi rectly related to health (Appendix ~ 6 ~ . About one-third of all these researchers, and 41 percent of those who had received BRA predoctoral training support, were being funded }:y federal research Grants and contracts, but none of the respondent nurses hall postdoctoral appointments at the time of ~ he survey.
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From page 159... ...
NURSE TRAINING FUNDED BY NIB AND ADAMS The Committee recognizes that a number of nurses have completed doctoral and postdoctoral work In basic science fields. In this chapter the committee wishes to deal one y with training for nursing research and nei ther discusses nor 159
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From page 160... ...
Whether the overall supervision of such programs shout ~ be ad~ninis~ered by the nursing school itself or the school of graduate studies that includes the other affiliated basic science departments is an administrative deta if that wil ~ undoubtedly vary f rom institution to ins' itution. whi le this experimentation with appropriate curricula and aiming strati ve arrangements is proceeding, the Committee be1 ~ eves the ~ government agencies should adopt a sympathetic and encouraging attitude and be prepared ~ 0 provide funding either in the f orm of re search training fellowships or carefully designed research training grants as fully qualif fed graduate programs in schools of nursing become identified.
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From page 161... ...
However, the Committee is also aware that nursing research as an area of inquiry can advance if support for postdoctoral training is also provided, particularly for those nurses who have completed their doctoral training in prior years and now wish to update their research skills. As a result, the Committee suggests that a shad ~ proportion of both train=eships and fellowships be made available for postdoctoral research training in the coming years and that this proportion increase at the rate prescribed below.
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From page 162... ...
The Committee is cognizant of the need to stimulate nurs ing research and the production of adequately trained nurse-doctorates at this time through the training grant . At the same time, owing to the scope of training provided through this mechanism by the Division of Nursing today, the Co~u~i~tee is aware of the need to proceed gradually as this program ~ s put into place, in a manner that will assure the prov i s i on o f awe rd s to graduate department s that are r eady To provide training in nursing research comparable in quality to training provided for Ph.D.'s in other areas.
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From page 163... ...
of nursing" refers to research traineeships made available to nurses through institutional training grants put into graduate departments in schools of nursing. "Nonnur sing dents." refers to research traineeskips made available to nurses through institutional training grants administered jointly by graduate departments in schools of nursing and departments of basic science outside the schools of nursing, providing a "dual track" program of training for the nurse scientist.
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From page 164... ...
In view of the need to increase the number of doctorally trained nurses in the area of nursing research, the ~ committee views as an important f irst step the reorientation of the fed lowship program under the auspices of NRSA support. The Committee recommends a substantial reduction in fe ~ ~ owship support in nonscience departments outside the schools of nurs ing, and, in view of the growing capability among wet 1-qualif~ ed schools of nursing to take up research training at this time, the Committee recommends that a limited number of awards be used for training in schools of nursing as wall as in other parts of the university interposed in the problems of nursing care.
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From page 165... ...
of nursing" refers to research fellowships made available to nurses for research training in schools of nursing. "Nonnursing depts." refers to research fellowships made available to nurses to take up training either in basic science departments outside schools of nursing (basic science depts.)
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From page 166... ...
TABLE 7.5 Recommended Distribution of Predoctoral and Postdoctoral Traineeships and Fellowships for Training in Nursing Researth: EM 1979, 1980, and 1981 Fiscal Year Traineeships Fellowships Total 1979 Total 50 175 225 Pre 43 150 193 Post 7 25 32 1980 Total 65 175 240 Pre 50 140 190 Post 15 35 50 1981 Total 95 175 270 Pre 70' 135 205 Post ^5 40 65 166
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From page 167... ...
Recommendations) FIGURE 7.2 Distn~ution of traineeships and fellowships for training in nursing research including Committee's recommended levels for FY 1979, 1980, and 1981.
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From page 168... ...
The research training grants available under the NRSA Act will not duplicate the quite different grants now available under the new authority of ~ he Nurse Tra ining AC t, which i s directed toward advanced prof essional training for nurses rather than for research . · — t~alnlr~g.
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From page 169... ...
3. In 194B, the Surgeon General of the PHS established the Dive sion of Nursing Resources to determine the supply and distribution of nurses in the United States, the quality and costs of educate on, job satis faction, and patient sati sfaction with nursing care.
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