Personnel Needs and Training for Biomedical and Behavioral Reserach 1976 Report (1976) / Chapter Skim
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3 Assessment of Manpower Needs
3 Assessment of Manpower Needs
Pages 36-65
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From page 36... ...
scientists hate keen pro jected using a variety of models. These models share many of the same inherent weaknesses.
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For the purposes of this analysis, the biomedical sciences included all the life sciences except agricultural discipl ines, and the behavioral sciences encompassed psychol ogy, anthropology, sociology, ethology, and social state stic s. Al though it was recognized that not al ~ of the Ph.
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to .
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On the other hand, the number of academic doctorates currently being awarded annually ~ n the biomedical and behavioral disciplines represents more than ~ percent and ~ 2 percent of the respective 1973 labor forces. Hence, the future growth in these ~ abor forces wall be determined largely by the number of Ph.D.
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. e TABLE 3.2 Age Distribution of the Ph.D.
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Rae 1 I' 0 x · tn a)
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While it has not been possible to quantify this relationship, primary work activity distributions imply that the biomedical sciences ~ abor market ha s be e n i n f l u enced more by R an d D f und s the n h a s the behavioral sciences market. The upper graph In Figure 3.
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FIG1JRE 3.1 Total R and D Expenditures in Academia and Expenditures Per Ph.D. Researcher in the Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, 196~73 (1967 constant dollars)
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Scientist EmaIoved in Academia Fiord — [3;omed~' _ 1960 1962 t 964 1964; 194;8 1 970 1972 YEAR NOTE: See Table 11.5 in Appendix I I for supporting dam. FI(iUfl£ 3.2 Total (iraduate and Undergraduate Enrollments and Enrollments Per Ph D
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From page 46... ...
To what extent will persons with academic doctorates in these fields not have the opportunity to apply their research training? Will the qualifications of persons entering these labor forces in the future -be af fected by the declining market conditions?
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Ph.~. Recipients in the Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences with Definite Employment Commitments at the Time of Graduation, 1958~73 47
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6 indicate that S~ percent of the biomedical and 61 percent of the behavioral scientists who had gust earned academic doctorates were engaged in some research activity in 1972. Comparable figures 6 years earlier were 92 and 68 percent, respective]
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Ph.D. Recipients in the Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Planning Postdoctoral Study, 1958-73 49
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FIGURE 3.5 Employment Sector Distribution c>f Entrants to the Ph.D. Labor Forces in the Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, t960-72 50
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FlGt3RE 3.6 Work Activity Distribution of Entrants to the Ph.D Labor Forces in Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, 1960-72 51 Work Activity Non-Research R - earch: Seconclart Activity Research: Primary - Actrvity
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Cn the other hand, one cannot estimate the supply of clinical researchers- simply by counting the products of NIR or ADAMHA training grants or fellowship programs. Private f cundations and national and state voluntary health organizations also provide fellowships for postdoctoral study.
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From page 53... ...
In this model, we postulate that We demand for clinical faculty in me dic al s choo l s i s combos ed o f a t caching compon ent, represented by medical student enrollments, and a research component, represented by R and ~ funds expended in medical schools. Saying it another way, the clinical faculty/~tudent ratio in medical schools is closed y correlated wi th the pattern of R and D expenditures .
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Adm~.s- ~ tration % ~ 0.~` N Sub~ % ~ ~~8~ 2e4` t. 2eO' Patient Care % N Other~.
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3 o y 4 a, z alncludes nurses, interns, residems, predoctorai and miner students con~rted to medical student equi - lents. SOURCE: Journa/ of the American MedicaIAssociation, Educatson Number, annually in November, 1960-74.
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1970 FISCAL YEAR 8. MEDICAL SCHOOLS BUDGETED VACANCIES ~ / `/ Clinical Depts.
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min.= model can serve as the vehicle for making rough estimates of the demand for clinical faculty in ~ 980 under various assu.mpt~ons about the future course of medical school enrollments and R and D expenditures. Under a v=ry conservative assumption of no growth in R and D expenditures from ~ 974 to 198O, the need for clinical faculty is pro jected to rise by 5.7 percent per year from ~ 973 due to Fro jested growth in .ned3-cal student enroll Iments (Table 3.
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From page 58... ...
30288 30836 31491 32201 32428 32835 33423 34538 35833 37669 40487 43650 4 ? 546 Pro Sections, 1974-~0a Assertion I Medical students increase at 1968-73 rate (4.7/year)
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However, unlike the basic biomedical sciences, health services researchers cannot be identified simply by the disciple ine in which the academic degree was granted. It is an applied field, not a basin science.
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From page 60... ...
the need to transmit the knowledge and skills required for health services research to- students of this field in which graduate enrollments are rapidly growing; and (3) the Revel opment of health manpower and health services legislation, creating a greater need for persons skilled in research to improve health care organization and del ivery.
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A report. of We Panel on Health Services Research and Developmer:- or Idle President's Science Advisory Committee, Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President, 'Washington, D.C., U.S.
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' s. Eventuate y the shortage of attractive employment opportunities may discourage some of the most capable students from pursuing doctoral training in the biomedical and behavioral sciences, especially if there are more promising career opportunities available in other areas ~ Research in the clinical fields is genera!
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8 . Preliminary analysis of the growth of the biomedical and behavioral labor forces: between ~ 9 60 and ~ 97 2 indicates that field switching and migration have had little net effect on the growth of the total Ph.
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D -holders employed in academia who designated research as their primary or secondary work activity were included as academic researchers.
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A report of the Panel on Health Services Research anti Devel opment of the President' s Science Advisory Committee, Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President, Washington, D .
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