Biomedical and Behavioral Research Scientists: Their Training and Supply Volume I: Findings (1989) / Chapter Skim
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1. The Role of NRSA Programs in the Education Pipeline
1. The Role of NRSA Programs in the Education Pipeline
Pages 11-32
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From page 11... ...
Trends within that total, however, show that support has been shifting from predoctoral to postdoctoral training. Biomedical sciences dominate these programs, with 70 percent of all positions in 1987, equally distributed between pro- and postdoctoral.
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From page 13... ...
Recruitment: Given that one is ready to enter the pipeline to science, whether one actually does so is the result of a complex set of circumstances. While family values concerning the worth of science are critical in reaching the decision to pursue a scientific career, the quality of precollege science and mathematics instruction is equally important to the recruitment of capable students into the science pipeline.
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From page 14... ...
or another professional biomedical program, can move directly into the work force,5 choosing careers in academe, industry, or government.6 Others opt forpostdoctoral training, a percentage that approximately doubled between 1972 and 1982 5Those pursuing a career in basic research would probably undertake postdoctoral training first. A relatively small proportion of those completing graduate programs move to professional training.
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From page 16... ...
The professional and graduate biomedical degree programs have significantly different attrition rates: whereas attrition from professional programs seems relatively minor,7 that from graduate programs appears to bee as high as 58 percent.8 High attrition rates may be influenced by the length of postdoctoral training and/or the availability of federal funds in the biomedical sciences. The data may also be unintentionally misleading -- some proportion of the first-year graduate students may successfully attain the terminal master's degree that they had intended and thus blur the comparison between first-year graduate students and doctorate recipients eight years later.
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From page 17... ...
While each training grant award can be perceived to be unique, major differences exist between those provided to support graduate education and training and those supporting postdoctoral education. Predoctoral Training Grants: Covering tuition and a small factor of support to the training group, these grants are awarded mainly by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
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From page 18... ...
In some cases the award of training grants is used to leverage additional institutional support for the program. Postdoctoral Training Grants: Training grant awards for postdoctorates tend to focus more directly on research experience.
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From page 19... ...
degree, institutional training grants, and other special fellowships. Because of their formal curriculum, firmly grounded in the basic sciences, MSTP and Physician/Scientist Award Program have an assumed advantage, in terms of scientific training, over the traditional institutional training grant conducted in the subspecialty divisions of clinical departments.
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From page 20... ...
Actual appointments are higher due to partial year awards. Appointments are consistent with reported training figures published in the NIH Data Book 1988 and in ADAMHA NRSA Research Training Tables FY 1987.
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From page 21... ...
In 1987, there were 4,347 predoctoral and 3,824 postdoctoral positions in the T32 program, comprising 72.7 percent of the total NIH/ADAMHA training effort of 11,242 positions. The stated purpose of the T32 program is "to help ensure that highly trained scientific manpower will be available in adequate numbers and in the appropriate research areas and fields for the nation's biomedical and behavioral research agenda."~5 T32 trainees are required to devote at least 40 hours per week to research training and must be citizens or have permanent visas.
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From page 23... ...
R25 Research Grants: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) administers a program for the training of doctoral students in cancer prevention; providing student laboratory research experience to high school, prebaccalaureate, and predoctoral students; curriculum development in nutrition/cancer prevention; i8See National Institutes of Health, NIH Data Book 198S, Washington, D.C.: National Institutes of Health, 1988, Table 39.
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From page 26... ...
grants have been growing at almost twice the rate of research training expenditures for the 1978-1987 period, the role of RAs in the NIH training enterprise may also have been growing in relative importance.24 Graduate departments in the biological sciences indicated that 4,426 full-time graduate students were supported as RAs on NIH projects in 1987; this represented a 6.5 percent annual growth rate over the 2,673 NIH-supported RAs in 1979.25 In psychology, NIH supported 334 RAs in 1979 and 382 in 1987. GRANT APPLICATIONS AND AWARDS BY TRAINEES/FELLOWS One indicator of the success of a training program is the ability of former trainees/fellows to obtain research grants.26 Figure 1-3 presents 1987 percentages of postdoctoral trainees/fellows who have received NIH research grants (R01 activity code)
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From page 27... ...
Data in previous committee reports were based upon the Information for Management, Planning, Analysis and Coordination (IMPAC) file, which is compiled from grant applications by institutions that cover several traineeship positions, and are based upon proposed levels of support rather than actual level of support.
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From page 28... ...
SOURCE: Estimated by National Research Council from the NIH Trainee Fellow File. For T35 program, data are from NIH Data Book 1988, Table 39; estimates of NHLBI T35 are estimated by National Research Council from the NIH Consolidated Grant Applicant File.
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From page 29... ...
Total FTEP trainee/fellow support under the NRSA program peaked in 1982 at 11,063 positions and, after remaining near that level for four years, declined to 10,468 positions in 1987. Figure 1-5 breaks out the number of FTEP positions supported in the biomedical sciences.
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From page 30... ...
support in the clinical sciences E" has been declining, from 14.8 O percent to 13.5 percent of total NRSA predoctoral and from 34.0 ,= 3000 ~ . percent to 26.6 percent of postdoctoral support during the z 1978-1987 period.
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From page 31... ...
NIH/ADAMHA NRSA predoctoral and postdoctoral trainee/fellow positions in the clinical sciences, 1978-1987.
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