The Behavioral and Social Sciences Achievements and Opportunities (1988) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
Pages 1-4
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Even in events that are nominally quite technical in character, such as the eradication of polio or the explosion of the space shuttle, human factors, behavioral and organizational, play a large role. The proximate goal of the behavioral and social sciences is to discover, describe, and explain behavioral and social phenomena in accord with the canons of scientific logic and method.
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In the late l9S0s and early 1960s, a major change occurred: the federal government significantly expanded and private foundations dramatically reduced support for basic and applied research, including advanced training, in the behavioral and social sciences. The federal government became a direct producer of such research as well as the dominant patron for research in universities and colleges, free-standing research institutes, and a variety of contractors specializing in program evaluation.
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But it also accounts in part for the lack of consideration of research support as a whole, marked fluctuations in levels of support, and resistance to planning or sustaining a general strategy to keep the behavioral and social sciences strong. Just as research support in the federal government is divided among many, diverse agencies, researchers themselves inhabit a decentralized realm.
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Chapter 4, "Institutions and Cultures," considers more global and historical aspects of society including human evolution, demography, modernization processes, science and technology, world trade, and international conflict. Chapter 5, "Methods of Data Collection, Representation, and Analysis," concerns methodological research, which sharpens the observational and explanatory powers of the behavioral and social sciences.
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