Review of NASA's Biomedical Research Program (2000) / Chapter Skim
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11 Programmatic and Policy Issues
11 Programmatic and Policy Issues
Pages 72-80
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From page 72... ...
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION: UTILIZATION AND FACILITIES The adequacy of research facilities on ISS remains a serious concern. One new issue has arisen with respect to the variable force centrifuge.
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From page 73... ...
Maintenance of a longitudinal database documenting relevant physiological and performance parameters in the presence and absence of the given countermeasure will be crucial to validating efficacy. Basic research whose ultimate goal is the development of improved countermeasures is a primary mission of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)
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From page 74... ...
EDOMP has continued the practice of including testing as a secondary mission objective, with the goal of optimizing crew performance. In general, however, the practice of carrying out countermeasure validation as a secondary mission objective has not succeeded in providing definitive answers, even when tests are well designed, because of in-flight modifications or suboptimal conduct of protocols.
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From page 75... ...
· Is a rigorous countermeasure evaluation and assessment program in place to monitor any adopted countermeasure? The need for effective countermeasures against deleterious effects of spaceflight on astronaut health and performance will become increasingly critical as longer-duration flights become the norm on the ISS and beyond.
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From page 76... ...
The surgeon will participate in and provide oversight of the medical care of crew members during the launch, in-flight, and landing phases of the mission; perform medical certification; monitor medically hazardous training events; require biomedical baseline data collection; develop and implement in-flight countermeasures; review mission payload activities; establish in-flight time line and scheduling constraints; develop mission-specific aeromedical flight rules; and staff the Mission Control Center during flight. A mandatory period of postflight rehabilitation with milestones for return to 1 g normal health will be imposed.
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From page 77... ...
In addition, better coordination in flight is necessary to minimize the deleterious effects of operational exigencies on the successful conduct and completion of research experiments. Collection of Longitudinal Human Data for Research Purposes The Astronaut Medical Evaluation Requirements Document requires extensive blood work on landing day, but minimal blood work later (NASA, 1998a)
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From page 78... ...
Additionally, steps are needed to ensure that future data collection includes measurements and sampling that have been optimized to give the most useful information on in-flight development of problems and postflight recovery of normal physiological function. The role played by the crew surgeon is especially critical to collection of these data, and rigorous training in both clinical and basic research is recommended as a requirement for the position.
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From page 79... ...
Effective collaborations appear to be in place between some intramural scientists and NSBRI members, but it is not entirely clear to what extent the goal of interaction is being met in practice. Indeed, the problem of coordination among and within the various program constituencies is a general one and requires continuing NASA oversight of the entire program and implementation of mechanisms, such as the recently initiated Biennial Biomedical Investigators' Workshop, to facilitate coordination of efforts.
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From page 80... ...
Interagency Collaboration Convincing testimony to the extent and value of collaborations between the Division of Life Sciences and the National Institutes of Health is provided by the success of Neurolab, as well as by jointly funded grants under the NRA and NSBRI programs. The National Science Foundation's Antarctic program provides a laboratory for behavioral research in isolated environments that is increasingly important as the era of prolonged occupation of the ISS approaches, and collaborations with the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, and the Office of Naval Research have significant benefits for advanced technology development.
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