Issues in the Integration of Research and Operational Satellite Systems for Climate Research Part I. Science and Design (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Ozone
Ozone
Pages 99-108
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From page 99... ...
The importance of continuously monitoring ozone trends throughout the atmosphere has long been recognized, and regular reports are published by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO, 1999~. The role of space-based measurements as a key component of trend assessments is well established.
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From page 100... ...
The Dobson and Brewer networks of ground-based spectrophotometers provide total ozone column measurements at more than 150 sites. Ozonesondes launched from sites around the world, at frequencies that vary from twice a month to three times a week, provide detailed vertical profiles of ozone from the surface to the middle stratosphere (Logan, 1999; Logan et al., 1999~.
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From page 101... ...
Trends in total ozone columns for the period 1978 through 1998 have been analyzed using data from the TOMS and SBUV instruments as well as from the Dobson and Brewer ground-based networks (WMO, 19991. The different records are in good agreement:
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From page 102... ...
According to atmospheric chemistry models, the current subsonic aircraft fleet should have caused a 3 to 9 percent increase in ozone at 9 to 13 km at northern midlatitudes, but such a change could have gone undetected in trend analyses because of other factors influencing ozone. A further increase of 13 percent in ozone in the upper troposphere at northern midlatitudes is expected by 2050 owing to continued increases in aircraft emissions (IPCC, 1999~.
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From page 103... ...
(Reprinted from WMO, 1999.) · Northern midlatitudes: Will ozone columns continue to decline or will they recover?
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From page 104... ...
As discussed previously, high-precision measurement of the vertical distribution is critical for interpreting trends in the total ozone column. There is currently some uncertainty in the ozone trend below 20 km because of inadequate measurement capabilities.
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From page 105... ...
indicates that an OMPS instrument meeting the EDR objective would provide an excellent record for assessing trends in ozone columns and profiles down to 10 km. An OMPS instrument that simply meets the threshold would be inadequate to assess trends below 25 km because of the coarse vertical resolution and low precision.
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From page 106... ...
on the ENVISAT. The SCIAMACHY is an advanced version of GOME with both nadir and limb capability; it will provide vertical profiles of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and some other species in the stratosphere and for one or two levels in the troposphere.
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From page 107... ...
measure ozone concurrently with related species to better understand the mechanisms for ozone formation and loss. The new generation of research instruments, including SAGE III, TES, HIRDLS, and MLS, will provide improved measurement of ozone in the lower stratosphere and the troposphere, along with concurrent measurements of several ancillary species.
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From page 108... ...
Nadir observation of O3, CO, and H2O with ~2 km vertical resolution down to the surface could be achieved in a geostationary orbit with a Fourier transform spectrometer or a gas-correlation spectrometer. REFERENCES Attmannspacher, J
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