Issues in the Integration of Research and Operational Satellite Systems for Climate Research Part II. Implementation (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Workshop Discussion and Participants
Appendix B: Workshop Discussion and Participants
Pages 53-75
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From page 53... ...
With the longer planned lifetime of its satellites and the more stringent performance and stability requirements (relative to Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) end the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)
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At present, no agency is charged, nor is there a formal process in place, to assess climate requirements and the overall approach and balance of a climate observational system. In advance of the workshop, the committee distributed materials, including the following questions, for .
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This implied, for example, a consideration of improved sensor performance or better sensor characterization versus consideration of a sensor that was not already in the baseline plan. Systematic measurements that had been identified by NASA/ESE as candidates for continued measurement by NPOESS were examined in detail.
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From page 56... ...
While all of these variables have a demonstrated or anticipated importance to climate research, it should be recognized that only a subset have a long heritage in satellite remote sensing. They are atmospheric temperature and moisture, stratospheric ozone, solar irradiance, SST, sea ice, Earth radiation budget, and land cover.
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From page 57... ...
· How much will industrial and urban pollution expand globally and with what consequences? Required Measurements · Systematic measurements of stratospheric ozone and aerosols Emerging Requirements for Climate Data Products The requirements for climate observations to meet the needs of scientific research were recently considered in connection with the decadal review of the U.S.
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Strategies To date, the climate research community has had only a limited involvement in the process that determines the NPOESS requirements (NOAA, 1997~. Further, there is substantial concern that the NPOESS data products will be only marginally useful for climate purposes.
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From page 59... ...
These include short-term, focused satellite missions versus long-term, continuous missions; research-driven measurements versus operation-driven measurements; systematic versus process studies; frequent technology insertion versus tried and true systems; "facility-class" instruments versus those developed in "principal investigator mode"; and in situ versus satellite remote sensing. All of these elements are needed because climate research requires both an understanding of complex, interrelated processes and systematic measurements to detect subtle changes in the Earth system.
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From page 60... ...
Workshop participants considered the creation of three organizational units they thought would assist the NPOESS program in meeting the needs of climate researchers: climate science teams, a climate research working group, and a joint steering council. These ideas would require further consideration if the NPOESS agencies decided to pursue them.
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From page 61... ...
are represented. The working group would focus on broad issues of importance for all of the climate science teams (e.g., data systems and archiving)
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Workshop participants thought the three agencies involved with NPOESS NASA, DOD, and NOAAcould create the infrastructure needed to use NPP as a platform for designing, testing, and evaluating an end-to-end capability that would allow using the NPOESS data stream for climate applications. Participants acknowledged the likely need to fine-tune existing NPOESS requirements but did not believe substantive revisions would be necessary to achieve much enhanced utility to climate researchers.
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will be of great benefit to climate monitoring and research. · Active research programs intimately related to the data production process are needed, particularly programs that focus on topics that will lead to the discovery and documentation of systematic errors in the NPOESS data stream.
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The discipline group worked mostly from the draft IORD but found that all three documents had errors and omissions of various kinds. Some key climate variables in the IORD document did not appear in the IPO draft document (e.g., cloud ice and broadband radiation budget quantities)
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V40.4.3 Cloud Effective Particle Size . Meets climate requirements; the 2 percent stability requirement is good.
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V40.3. 1.2 Aerosol Size The EDR described in the IPO draft satisfies important climate requirements.
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The Total Solar Irradiance Monitor is the sensor for this EDR (Table B.1~.
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Basic archival features, such as data subletting, should be implemented. Climate Data System 0 that future investigators The requirements for high-quality research and climate products differ greatly from those for operational data products.
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0.25 mW/cm2sr M/decade 100 1 Ocean color (865 nm) 0.08 mW/cm2sr M/decade 100 1 Ocean topography 5 mm/decade 100 See altimetry Ocean wind speed 0.5 m/s/decade 50 1 Ocean wind stress curl 10-9 N/m3/decade 50 1 Sea ice concentration 1%/decade 50 1 Stability Requirements for Climate Data Records Table B.2 gives the stability requirements for CDRs.
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From page 70... ...
In addition to its observing elements, NPP should also serve as a testbed for ground data processing, archiving, and distribution. While the focus of the IPO is on an early test of the ground system capabilities necessary to meet its primary mission of short-term forecasting, NASA and NOAA should use NPP to develop methods to integrate climate science requirements into the ground system.
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From page 71... ...
Careful calibration and periods of overlap of these instruments will be required for climate science. Measurements with these characteristics have been identified several times, most recently by the NASA science community in the Easton process,5 as crucial for understanding biological productivity and its underlying processes on both land and ocean.
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From page 72... ...
Environmental Data Records There is an urgent need for the climate science community to evaluate the actual instrument specifications and proposed design. This need arises because the environmental data records for the VIIRS, as they are presented now, do not allow an understanding of the quality of the actual measurements.
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From page 73... ...
Roles for the science team include the following: Providing guidance for instrument characterization and calibration efforts; Providing a climate science review of level 1 data; Assessing the EDRs for climate use and suggesting improvements; Providing algorithms for additional products that are necessary for climate; Undertaking climate product validation; and Assisting in the planning and implementation of the climate data system. 6CEOS was created in 1984 as a result of the international Economic Summit of Industrialized Nations and serves as the focal point for international coordination of space-related Earth observation activities.
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From page 74... ...
Freilich, Oregon State University Joe Friday, National Research Council/Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Jim Giraytys, NAOS/Consultant Arnold Gruber, NOAA/NESDIS Mike Haas, NOAA/Integrated Program Office/Aerospace Robert Harriss, National Center for Atmospheric Research Dennis Hartmann, University of Washington Craig Herbold, National Research Council/Space Studies Board Sarah Horrigan, Office of Management and Budget Tony Janetos, World Resources Institute John Janowiak, NOAA/National Weather Service Chris Justice, University of Virginia/CES Tom Karl, NOAA/National Climatic Data Center Jack Kaye, NASA Headquarters Michael King, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Judith Lean, Naval Research Laboratory Jerry Mahlman, NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Martha Maiden, NASA Headquarters Jon Malay, Ball Aerospace Stephen Mango, NPOESS/Integrated Program Office Bruce Marcus, TRW (retired) /CES Alvin (Jim)
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From page 75... ...
Krishna Rao, NOAA/NESDIS Eugene Rasmusson, University of Maryland Dick Reynolds, NOAA/National Climatic Data Center Gary Rottman, University of Colorado Stan Schneider, NPOESS/Integrated Program Office/NASA Larry Scholz, Lockheed Martin (retired) /CES Phil Schwartz, Naval Research Laboratory Roy Spencer, NASA/Manned Space Flight Center Detlef Stammer, Scripps Institution of Oceanography/UCSD Larry Stowe, NOAA/NESDIS Dan Tarpley, NOAA/NESDIS Ray Taylor, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Susan Ustin, University of California at Davis/CES Frank Wentz, Remote Sensing Systems/CES Bruce Wielicki, NASA/Langley Dave Wilkinson, Stirling Strategic Services Greg Williams, NASA Headquarters Richard Willson, Columbia University Jim Yoder, University of Rhode Island 75
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