Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program (2000) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Program Assessments
Program Assessments
Pages 14-32
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 14... ...
, and, as a research goal, reduce criteria pollutants to 30 percent below EPA standards. Develop by 2004 the diesel engine enabling technologies to support large-scale industry dieselization of Class 1 and 2 trucks, achieving a 35 percent fuel efficiency improvement over comparable gasoline-fueled trucks, while meeting applicable emissions standards.
|
From page 15... ...
OHVT's R&D strategy is to "focus on the Diesel-cycle engine and its fuel requirements as the confluence of energy efficiency, fuels flexibility, and very low emissions for trucks of all classes" (Eberhardt, 2000~. The R&D strategy involves the development of clean diesel fuels and blends that can be derived from a variety of feedstocks (e.g., petroleum, natural gas, coal, and biomass)
|
From page 16... ...
VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES Acivancecl Combustion Engines Introduction OHVT has identified six key enabling technologies for meeting its goals: emission controls (including exhaust-gas after-treatment technology) ; combustion technology; materials; environmental science and health effects; truck safety; and engineering simulation and modeling.
|
From page 17... ...
are focused on the development of technologies for clean diesel 350 300 250 200o Q En o I 150— 100— 50 engines that could replace current gasoline engines. The goal is to improve the fuel economy of light trucks by at least 50 percent (on a gasoline fuel economy equivalent basis)
|
From page 18... ...
, but this has been lowered to account for the fuel economy penalty likely to be incurred by exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems for emissions control. Nevertheless, 50 percent brake thermal efficiency would represent an improvement of about 15 percent in engine efficiency over state-of-the-art engines and would also meet the more stringent emission regulations.
|
From page 19... ...
The gain in fuel economy that could be attained by "dieselization" of lightduty trucks is well known (fuel economy is the primary reason diesel engines are the power plants of choice for medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks)
|
From page 20... ...
However, the committee does not endorse using OHVT funds to support specific engine or component development programs by industry. The committee also noted that none of these programs includes other engine configurations, such as gasolineengine HEVs, which might be able to meet the emission standards more easily and at lower cost than a diesel engine and still have better fuel economy than the gasoline engine currently used in SUVs and light trucks.
|
From page 21... ...
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year - 0.25 s - 0.35 .r, 0.4 cn - 0.45 FIGURE 2-4 Increasing the efficiency of diesel engines and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC = lbs of fuel per hour per unit of engine power) for research and production engines.
|
From page 22... ...
An eight-year time delay from the initiation of research to the introduction of a product has been documented by the Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies. Three of the eight years have passed since the presentation of the 1997 technology road map.
|
From page 23... ...
The present program of loosely coordinated projects should be replaced with a focused, resultsoriented task structure and clearly stated goals for each project. Funding should then be allocated according to the potential for gains in fuel economy within the constraints of emission standards.
|
From page 24... ...
Recommendation. The Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies should provide industry with some means of access to the high-scale, massively parallel computers at the national laboratories until this level of computational power becomes affordable to industry and the value of the new computational fluid dynamics models have been demonstrated.
|
From page 25... ...
The Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies should devote more resources to evaluating the impacts of new tire designs on highways. Reclucing Friction and Wear in Heavy Vehicles The plan for reducing friction and wear is almost totally focused on materials-related issues, including: (1)
|
From page 26... ...
Recommendation. The Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies (OHVT)
|
From page 27... ...
Depending on the results of the analysis, OHVT should then consider expanding its development activities in auxiliaries and accessories with low energy consumption. Hybricl Systems The goal of the Heavy Vehicle Propulsion Hybrid R&D Program is to develop and demonstrate, by 2004, commercially viable vehicles that achieve at least double the fuel economy of comparable 1999 vehicles in an urban driving cycle and, as a research goal, to decrease criteria pollutant emissions to at least 30 percent below EPA standards prevailing in 2004.
|
From page 28... ...
Meeting emission standards will be critical to the success of improved vehicle technologies, including hybrid vehicles. Even demonstrating an emissions reduction of 30 percent below the 2004 EPA standards in a production prototype by 2004 may be insufficient.
|
From page 29... ...
Consequently, even though its efficiency will exceed that of a spark-ignited gasoline engine, the SING is not likely to match the efficiency of the diesel engine. The compression ratio of the PING, which employs compression ignition of a pilot injection of diesel fuel to initiate combustion of the natural gas, does not have the same limitation.
|
From page 30... ...
The Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies should limit its support to the pilot-injection natural-gas engine (PING) and the direct-injection natural gas engine (DING)
|
From page 31... ...
, to prioritize materials needs, and to identify high-priority opportunities for R&D. This process should use vehicle-systems modeling analyses to set specific goals for vehicle, power train, and chassis weight to meet the overall fuel economy goals.
|
From page 32... ...
Englar, Georgia Technical Research Institute, and William Brown, member of the Committee on Review of DOE's Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies, May 22, 2000. Fessler, R.R., and G.R.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.