National Academy of Sciences | 150 Year Anniversary

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The National Academies Press

Earth Sciences

Earth Sciences : Climate, Weather and Meteorology
A Review of the Draft 2013 National Climate Assessment

As mandated by the Global Change Research Act (GCRA), the U.S. Global Change Research Program is currently producing a "National Climate Assessment" (NCA). The NCA is a report to inform the President, the Congress, and the American people about the ...

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Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels

For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in ...

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Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis

Climate change can reasonably be expected to increase the frequency and intensity of a variety of potentially disruptive environmental events--slowly at first, but then more quickly. It is prudent to expect to be surprised by the way in which these ...

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A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling

As climate change has pushed climate patterns outside of historic norms, the need for detailed projections is growing across all sectors, including agriculture, insurance, and emergency preparedness planning. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling emphasizes the needs for climate ...

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Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security

Scientific evidence shows that most glaciers in South Asia's Hindu Kush Himalayan region are retreating, but the consequences for the region's water supply are unclear, this report finds. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is the location of several of Asia's ...

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The Effects of Solar Variability on Earth's Climate: A Workshop Report

On September 8-9, 2011, experts in solar physics, climate models, paleoclimatology, and atmospheric science assembled at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado for a workshop to consider the Sun's variability over time and potential Sun-climate connections.

While ...

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Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future

Tide gages show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data show that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water ...

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Weather Services for the Nation: Becoming Second to None

During the 1980s and 1990s, the National Weather Service (NWS) undertook a major program called the Modernization and Associated Restructuring (MAR). The MAR was officially completed in 2000. No comprehensive assessment of the execution of the MAR plan, or comparison ...

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Climate Change Education in Formal Settings, K-14: A Workshop Summary

Climate change is occurring, is very likely caused by human activities, and poses significant risks for a broad range of human and natural systems.  Each additional ton of greenhouse gases emitted commits us to further change and greater risks. In ...

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Urban Meteorology: Forecasting, Monitoring, and Meeting Users' Needs

According to the United Nations, three out of five people will be living in cities worldwide by the year 2030. The United States continues to experience urbanization with its vast urban corridors on the east and west coasts. Although urban ...

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