National Academies Press: OpenBook

America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation (2009)

Chapter: Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

E
Select Acronyms and Abbreviations

3D three-dimensional

AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science

ABWR advanced boiling water reactor

AC alternating current

ACA Australian Coal Association

ACEEE American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy

AECL Atomic Energy Canada Ltd.

AEF America’s Energy Future

AEO Annual Energy Outlook

AEP American Electric Power Corporation

AESO Alberta Electric System Operator

AFCI Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative

AFDC allowance for funds used during construction

AFV alternative fuel vehicle

AHAM Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers

AHTR advanced high temperature reactor

ANWR-1002 Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002

AISI American Iron and Steel Institute

ALA American Lung Association

Am americium

APS American Physical Society

APWR advanced pressurized water reactor

ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

ASES American Solar Energy Society

ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASP alkaline surfactant polymer

AWEA American Wind Energy Association

bbl barrel

bbl/d barrel(s) per day

BCG Boston Consulting Group

BEV battery-electric vehicle

BLM U.S. Bureau of Land Management

BOF basic oxygen furnace

BOP balance of plant

BTP biomass-to-power

BTL biomass-to-liquid

Btu British thermal unit

BWR boiling water reactor

C Celsius

CAES compressed air energy storage

CAFE corporate average fuel economy

CAIDI Customer Average Interruption Duration Index

CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule

CANDU PHWR Canada deuterium uranium pressurized heavy water reactor

Caps capacitor

CAR ceramic autothermal recovery

CAREM advanced small nuclear power plant

CBTL coal-and-biomass-to-liquid

CBTP coal-and-biomass-to-power

CBFT coal-and-biomass-to-liquid fuel, Fischer-Tropsch

CBMTG coal-and-biomass-to-liquid fuel, methanol-to-gasoline

CCE cost of conserved energy

CCS carbon capture and storage

CDF core damage frequency

CEC California Energy Commission

CECA Consumer Energy Council of America

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

CEF Clean Energy Future, Scenarios for a (study)

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

CEO chief executive officer

Cf californium

CFC chlorofluorocarbons

CFL compact fluorescent light

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CFT coal-to-liquid fuel, Fischer-Tropsch

CH4 methane

CHP combined heat and power

CI compression-ignition

Cm curium

CMTG coal-to-liquid fuel, methanol-to-gasoline

CNG compressed natural gas

CO carbon monoxide

CO2 carbon dioxide

CO2 eq carbon dioxide equivalent

COL construction and operating license

CRP Conservation Reserve Program

Cs cesium

CSP concentrating solar power

CTL coal-to-liquid fuel

CVT continuously variable transmission

CWIP construction work in progress

CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act

DBT Design Basis Threat

DC direct current

DI&C digital instrumentation and control

DME dimethyl ether

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

DSM demand-side management

EAF electric-arc furnace

ECBM enhanced coal bed methane

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

EEB Energy Engineering Board

EEI Edison Electric Institute

EERE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

EGR enhanced gas recovery

EGS enhanced geothermal system

EHV extra-high-voltage

EIA Energy Information Administration

EIO economic input/output

EIS environmental impact statement

EISA Energy Independence and Security Act

EOR enhanced oil recovery

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

EPAct05 Energy Policy Act of 2005

EPR European pressurized water reactor

EPRI Electric Power Research Institute

EPRI-TAG Electric Power Research Institute—Technical Assessment Guide

ERCOT Electric Reliability Council of Texas

ESBWR economic simplified boiling-water reactor

EU European Union

EWEA European Wind Energy Association

EWIS European Wind Integration Study

F Fahrenheit

FACTS Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System

FCV fuel-cell vehicle

FEMP Federal Energy Management Program

FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

FFB Federal Financing Bank

FT Fischer-Tropsch

FTBR fast thorium breeder reactor

FY fiscal year

g gram

GaAs gallium arsenide

GAO United States Government Accountability Office

GCR gas-cooled reactor

GDP gross domestic product

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

GE General Electric

GHG greenhouse gas

GIF Generation IV International Forum

GJ gigajoule

GNEP Global Nuclear Energy Partnership

GPS global positioning system

GREET Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (model)

GT gas turbine

Gt gigatonne

GTL gas-to-liquid

GW gigawatt

GWe gigawatt-electric

GWh gigawatt-hour

h hour

H2 hydrogen

H2O water

H2S hydrogen sulfide

HEV hybrid-electric vehicle

HFCV hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle

Hg mercury

HHV higher heating value

HLW high-level waste

HV high voltage

HVDC high-voltage direct current

Hz hertz

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency

ICE internal-combustion engine

IDST improved decision-support technology

IEA International Energy Agency

IED intelligent electronic device

IGCC integrated gasification combined cycle

IMF inert matrix fuel

INL Idaho National Laboratory

INVAP Investigaciones Aplicadas Sociedad del Estado

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

IOU investor-owned utility

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPP independent power producer

IRGC International Risk Governance Council

IRR internal rates of return

IPST Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology

ISFSI independent spent fuel storage installation

ISL in situ leach

ISO independent system operator

ITER International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor

ITM ion transport membrane

ITS Intelligent Transportation Society

IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists

J joule

JCSP Joint Coordinated System Plan

KAERI Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute

kg kilogram

km kilometer

kV kilovolt

kW kilowatt

kWh kilowatt-hour

LAN local area network

LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

LCA life-cycle analysis

LCCR levelized capital charge rate

LCOE levelized cost of electricity

LDV light-duty vehicle

LED light-emitting diode

LES Louisiana Energy Services Limited Partnership

LFR lead-cooled fast reactor

Li-ion lithium ion

LLC limited liability corporation

LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

LLW low-level waste

LNG liquefied natural gas

low-E low-emissivity

LPG liquefied petroleum gas

LWR light-water reactor

m3 cubic meter

MECS Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey

MISO Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator

MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MMS United States Minerals Management Service

MOGD methanol-to-olefins, gasoline, and diesel

MOF metal organic framework

MOX mixed-oxide

MSR molten salt reactor

MTG methanol-to-gasoline

MTU metric tons of uranium

MW megawatt

MWd megawatt-day

MWh megawatt-hour

MWe megawatt-electric

MWt megawatt-thermal

NAS National Academy of Sciences

NaS sodium-sulfur

NAE National Academy of Engineering

NBI New Buildings Institute

NDE nondestructive examination

NEAC U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee

NEI Nuclear Energy Institute

NEMS National Energy Modeling System

NERAC U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee

NERC North American Electric Reliability Corporation

NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory

NGCC natural gas combined cycle

NGNP Next Generation Nuclear Plant

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

NGV natural gas vehicle

NiCd nickel-cadmium

NiMH nickel-metal hydride

NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOx nitrogen oxides

Np neptunium

NPC National Petroleum Council

NPRA National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska

NPV net present value

NRC National Research Council

NRDC National Resources Defense Council

NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory

NSB National Science Board

NSPS National Source Performance Standards

NSR National Source Review

O2 oxygen

OCRM Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management

OCS outer continental shelf

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OECD–NEA Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development–Nuclear Energy Agency

O&M operation and maintenance

OMB U.S. Office of Management and Budget

OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OTA Office of Technology Assessment

OTM oxygen transport membrane

PBMR pebble-bed modular reactor

PC pulverized coal

PEI Princeton Environmental Institute

PGC Potential Gas Committee

PHEV plug-in hybrid vehicle

PMU phasor measurement unit

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

PRA probabilistic risk assessment

PSEG Public Service Enterprise Group

PTC Federal Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit

Pu plutonium

PUC public utility commission

PUREX plutonium and uranium extraction

PURPA Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act

PV photovoltaic

PWR pressurized water reactor

quads quadrillion Btu

RAND Research and Development Corporation

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

R&D research and development

RD&D research, development, and demonstration

RFF Resources for the Future

RFS Renewable Fuel Standard

RNA ribonucleic acid

RPS renewables portfolio standard

RTO regional transmission operator

RTU remote terminal unit

SAGD steam assisted gravity drainage

SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index

SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index

SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition

SCWR supercritical water reactor

SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association

SERI Solar Energy Research Institute

SES superconducting energy storage

SFR sodium-cooled fast reactor

SGI Synthetic Genomics, Inc.

Shell Shell Frontier Oil and Gas, Inc.

SHGC solar heat-gain coefficient

SI spark-ignition

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

SiC silicon carbide

SMART system integrated modular advanced reactor

SMCRA Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Act

SMES superconducting magnetic energy storage

SNF spent nuclear fuel

SNG synthetic natural gas

SO2 sulfur dioxide

SO3 sulfur trioxide

SOx sulfur oxides

S&P Standard and Poor’s

SPE Society of Petroleum Engineers

SPP Southwest Power Pool

SPS special protection schemes

Sr strontium

SSTAR small, sealed, transportable autonomous reactor

STATCOM static shunt compensator

SVC static volt-amperes reactive compensator

SWU separative work units

synfuel synthetic transportation fuel

t tonne

Tc technetium

TCE total cash expended

Tcf trillion cubic feet

TCSC thyristor-controlled series capacitor

T&D transmission and distribution

Th thorium

ThO2 thorium oxide

TLR transmission loading relief

TOU time-of-use

TPC total plant cost

TPI total plant investment

TCR total capital requirement

TRB Transportation Research Board

TRU transuranic elements

TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act

TVA Tennessee Valley Authority

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

TWh terawatt-hour

U uranium

U3O8 triuranium octoxide

UCS Union of Concerned Scientists

UF6 uranium hexafluoride

UPS uninterruptible power supplies

UREX uranium extraction

USABC U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium

USEC U.S. Enrichment Corporation, Inc.

USEPR U.S. evoluiontary power reactor

USGS U.S. Geological Survey

USNRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

USPC ultrasupercritical pulverized coal

U-value heat-transfer coefficient

UWIG Utility Wind Integration Group

V carbon dioxide vented

VAR volt-amperes reactive

VFT variable frequency transformer

VHTR very-high-temperature reactor

VRB vanadium redox battery

VRI vehicle-to-refueling-station index

W watt

WRI World Resources Institute

WGA Western Governors’ Association

Wh watt-hour

WinDS Wind Development System

ZEBRA battery sodium nickel chloride battery

ZnBr zinc-bromine

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
Page 675
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
Page 676
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
Page 677
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
Page 678
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
Page 679
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
Page 680
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
Page 681
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
Page 682
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
Page 683
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council. 2009. America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12091.
×
Page 684
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Energy touches our lives in countless ways and its costs are felt when we fill up at the gas pump, pay our home heating bills, and keep businesses both large and small running. There are long-term costs as well: to the environment, as natural resources are depleted and pollution contributes to global climate change, and to national security and independence, as many of the world's current energy sources are increasingly concentrated in geopolitically unstable regions. The country's challenge is to develop an energy portfolio that addresses these concerns while still providing sufficient, affordable energy reserves for the nation.

The United States has enormous resources to put behind solutions to this energy challenge; the dilemma is to identify which solutions are the right ones. Before deciding which energy technologies to develop, and on what timeline, we need to understand them better.

America's Energy Future analyzes the potential of a wide range of technologies for generation, distribution, and conservation of energy. This book considers technologies to increase energy efficiency, coal-fired power generation, nuclear power, renewable energy, oil and natural gas, and alternative transportation fuels. It offers a detailed assessment of the associated impacts and projected costs of implementing each technology and categorizes them into three time frames for implementation.

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