Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators (2011)

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250 Section 3 contains a glossary of terms, a bibliography, and an alphabetical index of APIs. Glossary of Terms This glossary defines most of the significant terms used in the Core and Key APIs. Airside, Airside Facilities, Airfield. Airport-operated facilities located on and supporting the airport’s aircraft operating area. Includes runways, taxiways, landing strips, runway protection zones, clearways, airport-owned runway and taxiway instrumentation. Also includes structures located thereon. Usually defined as a cost center for landing fee ratemaking purposes in the Air- port Use/Operating Agreement. FAA equipment and facilities not included. Aircraft parking positions usually not included, aircraft parking fee rate separate from landing fee rate. Deicing facilities usually not included; their cost recovered outside the landing fee. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on FAA Form 127.) ARFF. Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) denotes services used to perform fire fighting and rescue operations at airports, subject to Federal Aviation Regulations Part 139 (14 CFR) dealing with air carrier airport safety and certification. ARFF functions may include capabilities for responding to issues in non-airfield structures (e.g., terminals, office buildings), also mutual aid to neighboring communities, but always retaining assets required for Part 139 requirements. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on ACI-NA Airport Benchmarking Survey.) Assets, Net. Capital assets net of related debt, plus unrestricted assets, plus restricted assets (restricted for debt service, new and replacement capital, and other). Net assets will be shown in the airport’s financial statements as of the end of the fiscal year being reported. If the airport is part of a system, it should allocate net assets between the airport and other reporting entities. (Source: ACI-NA Airport Benchmarking Survey.) Benefits, Employee. For employees working directly for the airport, includes health and life insurance, savings, pensions and retirement, tuition credit, wellness/fitness programs. Does not include contracted employees. (Source: ACI-NA Airport Benchmarking Survey.) Capital Expenditures. Total expenditures on airport capital projects during the fiscal year being reported even if the facility or improvement did not become operational during the fiscal year. (Source: ACI-NA Airport Benchmarking Survey.) Carbon Footprint. Carbon footprint is the overall amount of carbon dioxide and other green- house gas (GHG) emissions caused by the airport and its operation, including airlines and other tenants and users, total and by identifiable source. (Source: European Commission: CARBON FOOTPRINT—What It Is and How to Measure It.) S E C T I O N 3 Additional Resources

Cargo Tons. Unit of measurement for cargo (freight) carried in the bellies of passenger (“combi- nation”) aircraft or by all-cargo aircraft. Two types are in common aviation use: The Short Ton (2,000 lb) prevalent in the United States, and the Metric Ton or “Tonne” (1000 kg or 2204.6 lb) used in countries subscribing to the metric system. (Source: ACI-NA Cargo Benchmarking Survey.) Cash and Investments (Restricted and Unrestricted). The total amount of restricted and unre- stricted cash and investments as of the end of the fiscal year. If the airport is a part of a system, then the airport should make its best effort to allocate cash and investments between the airport and other reporting entities. (Source: ACI-NA Airport Benchmarking Survey.) Costs, Airline. Airline payments to the airport for use of airfield (landing fees, ramp/apron fees) and terminal space (space rentals net of any credits and reimbursements, gate charges). This value is the same as Total Passenger Airline Revenue to the Airport (see below). Includes pay- ments for aircraft parking positions (e.g., hard stands, tie-downs). Includes federal inspection fees and security reimbursements paid by the airline. Does not include ground or facility rentals for ancillary buildings (e.g., cargo buildings, hangars). Does not include airline self-funded con- struction (e.g., build-out of terminal space). Does not include other costs incurred by the air- line to operate at the airport (e.g., fuel, maintenance, personnel, services, supplies and equip- ment.) (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on ACI-NA Airport Benchmarking Survey.) Costs, Contract Services. Payments to outside contractors for services provided to the airport. Such costs may include consulting, legal, accounting, auditing, security, fire fighting, engineer- ing, training, lobbying, maintenance, janitorial services, architectural fees, and financial services. When part of a capital project (e.g., architectural and engineering services, bond financing ser- vices), they are generally included in capital cost and amortized over the life of the borrowing instrument. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on FAA Form 127 and ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Costs, Direct Operating. Payments for goods and services directly measurable without resort- ing to allocation formulae. Not in general use. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team.) Costs, Indirect Operating. Administrative overhead expenses including expenses allocated by formula to “using” departments. Formulae used because difficult or inconvenient to measure directly. Not in general use. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team.) Costs, Non-Operating. Expenses for activities not relating to the core operations of the airport. Common airport Non-Operating Costs include interest charges and other borrowing costs; expenses relating to employee benefits such as pension contributions; capital distributions and payments (e.g., to governing bodies); extraordinary losses; and taxes. (Source: ACI-NA Airport Benchmarking Survey.) Costs, Operating. Expenses incurred in the normal operation of the airport. These include administrative expenses. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Costs, Personnel. The total of salaries plus wages plus employee benefits. (Source: ACI-NA Bench- marking Survey.) Costs, Total Airport. The total of all airport costs: operating costs plus non-operating costs. Costs, Utilities, and Communications. The cost of communications services and utilities used in the course of operating the airport, including telephones, electricity, heating and air condition- ing, and water. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey and FAA Form 127.) Debt, General Airport Revenue Bond (GARB). Bond debt secured by general airport revenues. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team.) Additional Resources 251

Debt, General Obligation. Bond debt secured by general tax dollars (beyond airport revenues). Once common, now typically issued by cities with smaller airports (also known as tax supported debt). (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team.) Debt, Passenger Facility Charge (PFC). Stand-alone debt secured solely by (and to be repaid exclusively from) PFC revenues. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Debt Service. Principal plus interest paid or to be paid over the life of a particular debt instru- ment, or within a particular reporting period. Net debt service is debt service less offsets such as PFCs and capitalized interest. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Debt Service Coverage Ratio. Net revenues as defined in airport bond ordinance divided by principal and interest requirements for the current fiscal year. Expressed as a ratio, typically a minimum of 125% but higher at some airports. The obligation to have a minimum Debt Service Coverage Ratio derives from a provision in the bond ordinance and made part of the contract with bondholders through inclusion in the bond official statement. The required minimum cov- erage ratio is typically restated in the Airport Use/Operating Agreement. (Source: Moody’s Global Infrastructure Finance and ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team.) Debt, Special Facility. Debt typically issued through a property development corporation and being repaid by an airline or tenant for improvements/facilities through special lease payments, rather than the airport’s normal fee structure. This may be airline related or non-airline related. It excludes off-balance sheet debt. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Depreciation. If the airport depreciates its assets, the depreciation for the reporting fiscal year. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Enplaned Passenger (Enplanement). See Passenger, Enplaned (Enplanement) below. Fees and Charges, Airline: Airline Costs (see above) considered as fees and charges paid by the airlines. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey and FAA Part 127.) Fees, General Aviation (GA) Landing. Landing fees paid for landings of GA aircraft. Excludes all other GA fees. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey and FAA Part 127.) Fees, Fuel Flowage. Fees paid to the airport directly or through a fixed base operator (FBO) or other third-party fueler, for use of fueling facilities (tank farms, pipelines, into-plane delivery systems including hydrant systems). Expressed on a per-gallon basis. Does not include the cost of fuel, which is typically owned by the airlines. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey and FAA Part 127.) Fees, Landing. Fees charged to aircraft owners and operators for the use of runways, taxiways, landing strips, runway protection zones, and clearways. Does not include fees for parking air- craft. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey and FAA Form 127.) Fees, Terminal Area Apron and Tie Down. Fees charged for the parking of passenger aircraft on airport property. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey and FAA Form 127.) Fees, Terminal Area Passenger Airline. Fees charged for aeronautical use of the terminal facil- ities and ground space for the purpose of moving passengers and their baggage (paid by the air- lines to the airport). Includes charges for aeronautical use of terminal buildings as office space, check-in and ticket counters, hold rooms, passenger baggage claim and staging areas, and other operational and maintenance facilities necessary for the air transportation of passengers. Includes all terminal facilities, utilities, ITS, and equipment charges except those specifically enu- merated in the ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey under Terminal Area Fees. Does not include 252 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

cargo and hangar rentals. See Terminal Rental Rate (below). (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Full-Time Equivalents (FTEs). The number of full-time employees that could have been employed if the hours worked by part-time employees had been worked by full-time employees. For exam- ple, if a part-time employee works 20 hours a week, he/she should be counted as 0.5 FTEs. Usually measured at the end of a reporting period. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) General and Administrative Expenses. Miscellaneous general and administrative expenses (e.g., training, travel, etc.). (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Gate, Airport for Aircraft Use. An aircraft parking position on the terminal ramp (apron) usu- ally connected to the terminal by a loading bridge. Gates are typically defined to include posi- tions large enough for narrowbody or larger aircraft; smaller positions used for regional jets or turboprops are typically counted separately. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team.) Grant Receipts. The amount of Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grant and other grant pay- ments received in the year. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Insurance, Claims, and Settlements. The costs of insurance coverage and/or claims and settle- ments paid by the airport. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey, FAA Part 127.) Interest Expenses. Reporting period interest expenses. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey, FAA Form 127.) Interest Income. The interest income received from restricted and non-restricted investments. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey, FAA Form 127.) Landside, Landside Facilities. Airport-operated facilities and equipment other than those on the aircraft operating area of an airport. Includes terminal buildings and roadways. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team.) Landed (Take Off) Weight, Total. The total amounts of weight of aircraft landings or (where applicable) take-offs at the airport for domestic, international, and cargo carriers (in millions of pounds). Does not include landed or take-off weights for GA and military aircraft. Aircraft weights are generally calculated based on maximum certificated weights. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmark- ing Survey, FAA Part 127.) Landing Fee, Average Rate. The post-settlement landing (or, where applicable, take-off) fee per 1,000 lb for airlines signatory to the airport use/operating agreement. Except where set by regu- lation (ordinance) or as a result of direct negotiation, the landing fee rate results from a formula in the airport use/operating agreement, designed to recover a defined array of costs in a total air- port residual, cost center residual, compensatory, or hybrid arrangement. The Landing Fee Rate for non-signatory airlines is usually set at a multiple of the signatory airline landing fee rate, such as 125%. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Operation, Aircraft. An aircraft takeoff or landing at the airport. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmark- ing Survey.) Operations, Annual Aircraft. Total of aircraft operations (take-offs plus landings) at the air- port for the fiscal year being reported. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Passenger Facility Charges/Airport. The Passenger Facility Charges (Airport Improvement Fee for Canadian Airports) received during the year. Passenger, Enplaned (Enplanement). A passenger who boards an aircraft at the airport. Includes a passenger who deplanes and reboards to continue his/her air journey from the air- port. Includes domestic and international enplanements. Does not include enplanements from Additional Resources 253

GA, military, or cargo aircraft. Note that some definitions limit enplanements to revenue pas- sengers; see, e.g., FAA: Enplanement and All Cargo Activity. (Source: ICAO Civil Aviation Terms and Descriptions.) Passengers, Origin and Destination (O & D). Total of passengers whose flight begins or ends at the airport, in contrast to passengers who change planes at the airport to go to another destination. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team.) Passengers, Total. The total number of people enplaning and deplaning passengers. This num- ber is normally equal to two times the number of enplanements assuming that everyone who boards an airplane deboards the airplane. These amounts should not include any passengers from GA, military, or cargo aircraft. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey, ICAO Civil Aviation Terms and Descriptions.) Reliever Airport. Airport(s) designated by the FAA to relieve congestion at commercial service airports and to provide improved GA access to the overall community. (Source: FAA NPIAS.) Revenues, Aeronautical Operating. Aeronautical revenues (income) to the airport from aero- nautical uses by airlines, aircraft owners, and fixed base operators (FBOs). Aeronautical use is any activity that involves, makes possible, is required for the safety of, or is otherwise directly related to the operation of aircraft. Aeronautical use includes services provided by air carriers related directly and substantially to the movement of passengers, baggage, mail, and cargo in the airport. Individuals and businesses, when engaged in the operation of aircraft or flight support, are aeronautical users. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey, FAA Form 127.) Revenues, Terminal Concession. Revenues (income) to the airport from sales at airport con- cessions located inside the terminals. Includes minimum annual guarantee payments and per- centage rent, excludes utilities and storage. Conforms to FAA Form 127 and ACI-NA Bench- marking Survey, which divide concessions revenue into terminal, rental car, public parking and ground transportation, and other. Does not include rental car revenues even though some rental car facilities (e.g., check-in counters) are often located inside terminals. Does not include park- ing or ground transportation revenues even though some of such facilities may be inside or asso- ciated with the terminal. This is a net revenue concept; for gross revenues see Sales, Concession Gross (below). (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Revenues, Terminal Food and Beverage. Revenues (income) to the airport from food and bev- erage concessionaires located inside the terminals. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey and FAA Form 127.) Revenues, Hangar and Cargo Rental. Revenues (income) to the airport from the ground lease use of airport facilities and land for cargo operations and the hangaring of aircraft including maintenance activities. Does not include revenue from a cargo or hangar facility leased for non- aeronautical purposes. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on ACI-NA Bench- marking Survey.) Revenues, Non-Aeronautical Operating. Revenues (income) to the airport not derived from the aeronautical use of the airport. Includes revenues from land rental and non-terminal facili- ties; terminal food, beverages, and retail; rental cars; public and employee parking; hotel and ground transportation; and utilities sale/resale. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey, FAA Form 127.) Revenues, Non-Airline. Revenues to the airport from sources other than the airlines. Can include, for example, aeronautical revenues from landing fees of business aircraft. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team.) 254 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

Revenues, Non-Operating. Revenues (income) to the airport that are not derived from airport operations. Includes revenues from investment of financial assets (interest income), PFC charges, grant receipts, other capital contributions, and rental car customer facility charges. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on FAA Part 127 and ACI-NA Benchmark- ing Survey.) Revenues, Operating. Revenues (income) to the airport from airport operations of any type. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Revenues, Parking. Revenues (income) to the airport from on-airport parking operations and services (e.g., valet fees) and from off-airport parking operators. In addition, the ACI-NA and FAA Form 127 definition groups ground transportation revenues (taxis, limos, shuttles) with parking revenues. Reported revenues should be the airport’s net after its costs. Includes revenues from public parking only. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey, FAA Part 127.) Revenues, Rental Car. Revenues (income) to the airport from rental car operations inside and outside terminals. Reported revenues should include ground rentals, percentage rents (conces- sion fee), and other miscellaneous charges, excluding customer facilities charges. FAA Form 127 and ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey track on-airport and off-airport rental car revenues sepa- rately. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey, FAA Part 127.) Revenue, Total Passenger Airline. Revenue (income) received by the airport from the passen- ger airlines for passenger air service. This value is the same as Airline Costs (above). Does not include ground or facility rentals for ancillary buildings (e.g., cargo buildings, hangars). Does not include airline self-funded construction (e.g., build-out of terminal space). Does not include other costs incurred by the airline to operate at the airport (e.g., fuel, maintenance, personnel, services, supplies, and equipment. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team based on ACI- NA Benchmarking Survey.) Security Reimbursements. Reimbursements from airlines for in-terminal security services pro- vided. (Source: ACI-NA Benchmarking Survey.) Security Reimbursements from TSA/Other Federal Government Organizations. Reimburse- ment to the airport from TSA or other federal government organizations for security costs. Terminal Rental Rate, Average. Average rate charged by the airport for use of terminal space, per square foot of terminal space. This average terminal rental rate is typically divided or “spread” into a spectrum of rental rates for different types of space—ticket counter, office, hol- droom, etc. Generally results from a formula in the Airport Use/Lease Agreement that recovers the airport’s cost of providing space. See Fees, Terminal Area Passenger Airline (above). Traffic Management. The function of managing traffic circulation and control on airport road- ways, typically and most costly in terminal areas. The function can be performed by airport police, or at lower cost by non-sworn traffic officers under the supervision of airport police. (Source: ACRP Project 01-09 Research Team.) Wayfinding. The ability of passengers to determine where they are in a facility; identify the organization of the facility; and find desired locations and services within the facility. Includes all forms of information available to orient and direct users, including signage, landmarks, land- scaping, lighting, interior design, visual cues, maps and publications. (Source: Airport Signing and Graphics Manual.) Work Load Unit (WLU). One WLU is equivalent to one passenger (departing or arriving) or 100 kg of cargo (inbound or outbound). (Source: U.K. C.A.A. 2002). Additional Resources 255

Bibliography The primary goal of this ACRP Project 01-09 was to develop an extensive list of airport per- formance indicators (APIs), categorize them, and identify the Core indicators in each category, the data sources, and the issues. With its emphasis on practical issues, this project required more investigation than usual into what airport practitioners actually do in their jobs. To cover all the bases, however, the Research Team began with a thorough review of the aca- demic and professional literature. A number of articles and other sources proved useful and are listed below. ACRP Research Results Digest 3: Synthesis of Information Related to Airport Practices, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2007. http://onlinepubs. trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_rrd_003.pdf. Airports Council International—North America (ACI-NA). 2008 Environmental Benchmarking Survey. Washington, DC, 2008. Airports Council International—North America (ACI-NA). 2009 ACI-NA Environmental Achievement Awards Rules, Washington DC, 2009. Airports Embracing Performance Measurement and Benchmarking. World Airport Week, September 5, 2007, Vol. 7, Issue 36, p. 1. Air Traffic Safety Services, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. DOT. Runway Safety Report FY 2003–FY 2006. Washington, DC, September 2007. http://www.faa.gov/runwaysafety/pdf/ rireport06.pdf. Air Transport Association of America, Inc. “Customers First 12-Point Customer Service Commitment.” http://www.airlines.org/customerservice/passengers/Customers_First.htm. “A New Approach: Performance Measurement and Benchmarking.” World Airport Week, September 8, 1999, Vol. 6, Issue 36, p. 1. Barros, C. P., and P.U.C. Dieke, “Performance Evaluation of Italian Airports: A Data Envel- opment Analysis.” Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol. 13, Issue 4, 2007, pp. 184–191. Behn, R. D. “Why Measure Performance? Different Purposes Require Different Measures.” Public Administration Review, Vol. 63, No. 5, September/October 2003, pp. 586–606. Capacity Modeling and Analysis Group, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. DOT. “Run- way Delay Simulation Model (RDSIM).” Washington, DC. http://www.tc.faa.gov/acb300/ rdsim.asp. Cardoso, S. H., D. Maurino, and J. Fernandez. “Methodology to Estimate Individual and Overall Performance Indicators for Airport Safety Management Systems.” TRB 87th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers DVD. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2008. City of Tallahassee Fiscal Year 2008 Approved Budget. “Aviation Performance Measures.” p. 83. http://www.talgov.com/dma/budget/fy08/fy08budget.cfm. Egan, J. Accelerating Change: A Report by the Strategic Forum for Construction. Strategic Forum for Construction, London, UK, July 1998. Egan, J. Rethinking Construction. Construction Task Force Report. Department of Trade and Industry, London, UK, 1998. Enoma, A., and S. Allen. “Developing Key Performance Indicators for Airport Safety and Security.” Facilities, Vol. 25, No. 7, 2007, pp. 296–315. 256 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

“European Regional Airport Performance Data Published.” Commuter/Regional Airline News, August 25, 2003, Vol. 21, Issue 33, p. 1. FAA/OST Task Force. Airport Business Practices and Their Impact on Airline Competition. 1999. http://ostpxweb.dot.gov/aviation/Data/airportsbuspract.pdf. Federal Aviation Administration. “Airport Noise and Land Use Information.” Washington, DC. http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/airports/environmental/airport_noise/noise_exposure_ maps/. Federal Aviation Administration. “Environmental Tool Suite.” http://www.faa.gov/about/ office%5Forg/headquarters%5Foffices/aep/models/toolsfaq/. Federal Aviation Administration. “Airport Financial Reports.” Washington, DC. http://cats. airports.faa.gov// Federal Aviation Administration. “Airport Master Records, Safety Data Program.” Washington, DC. http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/airports/airport_safety/airportdata_5010/. Federal Aviation Administration. “FAA Accident and Incident Data System (AIDS).” Wash- ington, DC. http://www.asias.faa.gov/portal/page/portal/ASIAS_PAGES/ASIAS_DBS/AIDS_DB. Federal Aviation Administration. Form 5100-127 (Instructions for Completing.) http://www. faa.gov/forms/index.cfm/go/document.information/documentID/185626. Federal Aviation Administration. Presentation of the Changes to OPSNET Traffic Reporting Requirements—National Database Perspective. April 2008. Federal Aviation Administration. “Airport Safety Program.” Washington, DC. http://www. faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/airports/airport_safety/. Federal Aviation Administration. “Operational Network (OPSNET).” Washington, DC. http:// aspm.faa.gov/. Federal Aviation Administration. National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) (2007–2011). Washington, DC, 2006. http://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/npias/ reports/index.cfm?sect=2007. Francis, G., J. Fry, and I. Humphreys. “International Survey of Performance Measurement in Airports.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1788. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2002, pp. 101–106. Fry, J., I. Humphreys, and G. Francis. “Benchmarking in Civil Aviation: Some Empirical Evidence.” Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2005, pp.125–137. Gillen, D., and A. Lall. Developing Measures of Airport Productivity and Performance: An Applica- tion of Data Envelope Analysis. Nanyang Business School, Singapore. (undated). Gosling, G. D., and B. Maric. Proof of Concept Study for a National Database of Air Passenger Survey Data. Research Report for the National Center of Excellence for Aviation Operations Research. University of California at Berkeley, September 2005. Gosling, G. D., and B. Maric. Proof of Concept Study for a National Database of Air Passenger Survey Data, Washington, DC, 2005. http://www.nextor.org/pubs/NR-2005-003.pdf. Graham, A. “Airport Benchmarking: A Review of the Current Situation.” An International Journal. University of Westminster, Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2005, pp. 99–111. Graham, A. Managing Airports: An International Perspective. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2003. Additional Resources 257

258 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators Hagani et al. “Measuring and Determining Airport Productivity in Competitive Markets.” TRB 85th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers CD-ROM, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2006. Hantziagelis, S., and B. McCabe. Benchmarking Airport Reconstruction Projects. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada, September 2005. Hensher, D. A., and K. J. Button. Handbook of Transport Modeling. (Handbooks in Transport, Volume 1). Elsevier Science B.V., New York, 2000. Humphreys, I., and G. Francis. “Traditional Airport Performance Indicators: A Critical Per- spective.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1703. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 2000, pp. 24–30. Humphreys, I., G. Francis, and J. Fry. “Performance Measurement in Airports: A Critical Inter- national Comparison.” Public Works Management & Policy, Vol. 6, Issue 4, 2002, pp. 264–275. J D Powers. J D Power Airport Ratings, 2007. http://www.jdpower.com/travel/ratings/airport-ratings. Kincaid, I., and M. Tretheway. Guidelines for Benchmarking Airports. GARS Workshop: Ham- burg Aviation Conference. Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, February 2006. Kossmann, M. Delivering Excellent Service Quality in Aviation: A Practical Guide for Internal and External Service Providers. Ashgate Publishing, Burlington, VT, 2006. Leigh Fisher Associates, Matthew A. Coogan, and MarketSense. TCRP Report 62: Improving Public Transportation Access to Large Airports. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 2000. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_62-a.pdf. Li et al. Land Use Management and Airport Controls: Trends and Indicators of Airport Land Use. The Partnership for AiR Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2007. http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/partner/projects/ project6.html. Lin, L. C., and C. H. Hong. “Operational Performance Evaluation of International Major Air- ports: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis.” Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol. 12, Issue 6, 2006, pp. 342–351. Lurie, C. “How Do Airports Stack Up? Measuring Environmental Performance.” Airport Consulting, Winter 2007/2008. Mackenzie-Williams, P. “Aviation Benchmarking: Issues and Industry Insights from Bench- marking Results.” Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2005, pp. 112–124. Mann, P. “Many Upgrades Urged for Customer Service.” Aviation Week & Space Technology, Feb. 19, 2001, Vol. 154, No. 8, pp. 44–45. Martin, J. C. “A Benchmarking Analysis of Spanish Commercial Airports: A Comparison Between SMOP and DEA Ranking Methods.” Department of Applied Economic Analysis, Uni- versity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 2006. Masucci, M. “Capital Program Planning Survey,” Preliminary Results. Presentation to the ACI Ops/Tech Committee Meeting, March 2009. Metropolitan Airports Commission Strategic Plan 2010–2015. http://www.metroairports.org/ mac/docs/2010-2015%20Strategic%20Plan%20Final.pdf. Moody’s U.S. Public Finance, “U.S. Airport Medians for FY 2008.” November 2009. Moorman, R. “Massport Plan Faces Guaranteed Challenges.” Aviation Week & Space Technology, Feb. 26, 2001, Vol. 154, No. 9, pp. 49–50.

Muia, M. J. ACRP Synthesis 4: Counting Aircraft Operations at Non-Towered Airports. Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2007. http://onlinepubs. trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_004.pdf. Myers, R. H. “A Study of the Feasibility of Statistical Analysis of Airport Performance Simula- tion.” NASA Contractor Report 3633. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, Washington, DC, 1982. National Research Council (U.S.). “Issues, Problems, and Performance Measures in Airports and Airspace.” Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 2000. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). “NTSB Aviation Accident Database.” http:// www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/query.asp. Office of Aviation Analysis, U.S. DOT. Domestic Airline Fares Consumer Report, 2007. http:// ostpxweb.dot.gov/aviation/X-50 Role_files/consumerairfarereport.htm. Office of Aviation Analysis, U.S. DOT. Domestic Aviation Competition. http://ostpxweb.dot. gov/aviation/X-50 Role_files/domesticcompetition.htm. Office of Aviation Analysis, U.S. DOT. Special Feature: Fare Premiums by Airport. 2000. http:// ostpxweb.dot.gov/aviation/domestic-competition/sf004.pdf. Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings, U.S. DOT. Air Travel Consumer Report. http://airconsumer.ost.dot.gov/reports/. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Aviation and International Affairs, U.S. DOT. Dominated Hub Fares. 2001. http://ostpxweb.dot.gov/aviation/Data/dominatedhubfares.pdf. Oregon Department of Aviation. “Annual Performance Progress Report FY 2003 and 2004.” http://www.aviation.state.or.us/Aviation/performance.shtml. Oum, T. H., Y. Chunyan, “A Comparative Analysis of Productivity Performance of the World’s Major Airports. Crossing Borders: Travel, Trade, Security and Communication (Tra- verser les frontieres: voyage, commerce, securite et communication).” Canadian Transportation Research Forum, Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference, 2003, pp. 106–120. Pathomsiri, S. “Assessment of Airport Productivity: Nonparametric Directional Output Dis- tance Function Approach and Its Robustness.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2007, Washington, DC, 2007, pp. 28–36. Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), and U.S. DOT. “Airline On-Time Statistics and Delay Causes.” http://www. transtats.bts.gov/OT_Delay/OT_DelayCause1.asp. Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), and U.S. DOT. “Airline On-Time Tables.” http://www.bts.gov/programs/ airline_information/airline_ontime_tables/. Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), Bureau of Transportation Sta- tistics (BTS), and U.S. DOT. “Airport Fact Sheets.” http://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp. Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), Bureau of Transportation Statis- tics (BTS), and U.S. DOT. “Table 12: Top 85 Markets Ranked by Percentage Change 2008–2009.” http://www.bts.gov/programs/economics_and_finance/air_travel_price_index/html/table_12.html. Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), Bureau of Transportation Statis- tics (BTS), and U.S. DOT. “Table 15: Top 85 Markets Ranked by Percent Change from 1995.” http:// www.bts.gov/programs/economics_and_finance/air_travel_price_index/html/table_15.html. Additional Resources 259

Rhode Island Airport Corporation. “Rhode Island State Airport System Plan—Draft. State Guide Plan Element 640.” Rhode Island State Planning Council Technical Committee. 2007. Rodriguez, A., and F. Bijotat. “Performance Measurement, Strategic Planning, and Performance- Based Budgeting in Illinois Local and Regional Public Airports.” Public Works Management & Policy, Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2003, pp. 132–145. Skytrax Research. “World Airports Customer Satisfaction Survey, 2008.” http://www. airlinequality.com/AirportRanking/wacss.htm. Spitz, W. and R. Golaszewski. ACRP Synthesis 2: Airport Aviation Activity Forecasting. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2007. http:// onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_002.pdf. Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport—Performance Details. http://www.gov.state. ak.us/omb/results/view_details.php?p=220. The MITRE Corporation Center for Advanced Aviation System Development, Federal Avia- tion Administration, and U.S. DOT. Capacity Needs in the National Airspace System 2007-2025: An Analysis of Airports and Metropolitan Area Demand. Washington, DC, 2007. http://www.faa. gov/airports/resources/publications/reports/media/fact_2.pdf The MITRE Corporation Center for Advanced Aviation System Development, Federal Avi- ation Administration, and U.S. DOT. Airport Capacity Benchmark Report 2004. Washington, DC, 2004. http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/publications/bench/ 2004download.htm. Transportation Research Board. TRB Special Report 255: Entry and Competition in the US Airline Industry: Issues and Opportunities, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1999. Transportation Research Laboratory. Airport Performance Indicators 2005. Berkshire, UK 2005. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1703, Issues, Problems, and Performance Measures in Airports and Airspace. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 2000. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Airport Deicing Questionnaire.” Washington, DC, 2008. U.S. General Accounting Office. Aviation and the Environment: Results from a Survey of the Nation’s 50 Busiest Commercial Service Airports (GAO/RCED-00-222). Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, August 2000. http://www.gao.gov/archive/2000/rc00222.pdf. U.S. General Accounting Office. Aviation Security: Long-Standing Problems Impair Airport Screen- ers’ Performance (GAO/RCED-00-75). Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, June 2000. US News. “Airport Performance Calculator.” http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/ airtravel/flightplan/index.html. Vasigh, B., and J. Gorjidooz. “Productivity Analysis of Public and Private Airports: A Casual Investigation.” Journal of Air Transportation, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2006, pp. 145–163. Wells, A. T., and S. Young. Airport Planning & Management. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2004. Winston, C., and G. de Rus. Aviation Infrastructure Performance: A Study in Comparative Political Economy. Brookings Institution Press, Washington DC, 2008. Zografos, K. G., and Madas, M. A. “Advanced Modeling Capabilities for Airport Performance Assessment and Capacity Management.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Trans- portation Research Board, No. 2007. Washington, DC, 2007, pp. 60–69. 260 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

Alphabetical Index of Airport Performance Indicators A Absenteeism Rates HR O-1 Access to City Center SQ O-1 Access to Ground Transportation (Arrivals) SQ O-2 Access to Terminals (Departures) SQ O-3 Accidents and Incidents on Airport Premises SR K-1 Accidents on Airport-Maintained Roads and Sidewalks - Number of SR O-2 Accounts Receivable Aging – Days FN K-1 Accuracy of Airline Leased Premises Drawings PC O-1 Acreage Available for Development – Airfield PC O-2 Acreage Available for Development – Non-Airfield PC O-3 Active-Duty Sworn Police Officers – Number of PS O-1 Activity at Nearby Towered Airport – General Aviation GA K-1 Actual Flight Connecting Times SQ O-4 ADA Requirements Met During Year Compared with Total Number SQ O-5 of ADA Requirements (%) Adverse Weather – Average Closing Time AO O-1 Advertising Services Revenue to Airport CN O-1 Aesthetic Appeal SQ O-6 Air Carrier Concentration AS O-1 Air Operations Area (AOA) Violations PS K-1 Air Services Development (Marketing) Cost AS O-2 Air Services Development (Marketing) Cost Included in Airline Rate Base AS O-3 Aircraft Accidents and Incidents SR K-2 Aircraft Damage During Snow Event SR O-3 Aircraft Operations – Change over Prior Period AO O-2 Aircraft Operations in Compliance with Approved Voluntary Flight Track EV O-1 Programs (%) Aircraft Parking Positions Serviced by a Hydrant Fuel System (%) EV O-2 Aircraft Turn Times TO O-1 Airfare Average vs U.S. Average AS O-4 Airfare Change over Prior Period AS O-5 Airfield Acreage Developed PC O-4 Airfield Citations Issued SR O-4 Airfield Electricity Consumption – Change over Prior Period EN K-1 Airfield Energy Consumption – Lighting, etc. EN O-1 Airfield Non-Air Operations Area AO O-3 Airfield Non-Runway Maintenance Cost MN O-1 Airline Cost per Acre FN O-1 Airline Cost per Enplanement FN C-9 Airline Cost per Operation FN K-2 Airline Cost per Terminal Sq. Ft. FN O-2 Airline Costs per Gate FN O-3 Airline Operations FN O-4 Airline Payments as Percentage of Airport Operating Revenues FN O-5 Airline Rental Cost per Gate FN O-6 Airline Terminal Area in Rate Base FN O-7 Airline Terminal Rental Revenues FN O-8 Airport Accessibility Rating SQ O-7 Additional Resources 261

Airport Capital Improvement Program – Total Cost Estimate PL O-1 Airport Central Staff Employees FN O-9 Airport Cleanliness – Passenger Perception SQ K-1 Airport Closures for Snow/Ice Events – Number of AO O-4 Airport Collective Bargaining Negotiations Completed within Deadlines HR O-2 Airport Construction Costs – Total Actual PL O-2 Airport Construction Costs – Total Budgeted PL O-3 Airport Cost per Enplanement FN C-10 Airport Courtesy – Passenger Perception SQ K-2 Airport Data Reporting to Airlines and Other Key Tenants PC O-5 Airport Direct Operating Cost per 1000 Lbs Landed Weight FN O-10 Airport Direct Operating Cost per Enplaned Cargo Ton CA O-1 Airport Direct Operating Cost per Enplanement FN O-11 Airport Direct Operating Costs FN O-12 Airport Economic Impact – Direct and Indirect Jobs AS O-6 Airport Economic Impact – Direct and Induced Expenditures AS O-7 Airport Employees – Number of HR O-3 Airport Employees (FTEs) – Change over Prior Period HR K-1 Airport Employees (FTEs) Dedicated to Security Badging PS O-2 and Credentialing – Number of Airport Employees Trips to Work via Public Transportation SQ O-8 Airport Hazmat Emergency Responses within Established Standard AR O-1 Times per Number of Airport Hazmat Emergency Responses Airport Hazmat Emergency Responses within Established Standards AR O-2 Airport Indirect (Administrative Overhead) Cost per Enplaned Cargo Ton CA O-2 Airport Indirect Operating (Administrative Overhead) Costs FN O-13 Airport Indirect Operating Cost as Percentage of Total Operating Cost FN O-14 Airport Indirect Operating Cost per 1000 Lbs Landed Weight FN O-15 Airport Indirect Operating Cost per Enplanement FN O-16 Airport Master Plan and Strategic Plan Updates Completed in Timely Manner PL O-4 Airport Medical Emergency Responses within Established Standard Times AR O-3 per Number of Airport Medical Emergency Responses Airport Medical Emergency Responses within Established Standards AR K-5 Airport Non-Operating Costs FN O-17 Airport Operating Cost per Enplanement FN O-18 Airport Operating Costs FN O-19 Airport Operating Revenue FN O-20 Airport Operations Cost per 1000 Lbs Landed Weight FN O-21 Airport Projects Meeting M/W/DBE Requirements without Waivers (%) HR K-2 Airport Revenue from Non-Passenger-Dependent Sources (%) FN K-3 Airport Vehicles – Average Age MN K-1 Airport Vehicles and Ground Service Equipment Converted EN K-2 to Energy-Efficient Types (%) Airport Warehouse Space CA O-3 Airport Warehouse Space Leased (%) CA K-1 Airport Warehouse Space – Change over Prior Period CA O-4 All-Cargo Aircraft Landed Weight – Change over Prior Period CA K-2 Amount of Renewable Energy Purchased by Airport Tenants EN O-2 Annual Aircraft Operations AO C-1 Annual Capital Cost as Percentage of Total Cost FN O-22 Annual Employee Turnover HR K-3 262 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

Annual Part 139 Inspection Results SR K-3 Annual Safety Inspection – Number of Major Items Passed per Total SR O-5 Number of Major Items Annual Subsidy from Primary Airport to Relievers FN O-23 Annual Terminal Complex Energy Consumption EN O-3 ARFF Cost – Change over Prior Period AR K-1 ARFF Cost per Enplanement AR K-2 ARFF Cost per Firefighter AR O-4 ARFF Cost per Operation AR K-3 ARFF Cost per Runway AR O-5 ARFF Employees (FTEs) AR O-6 ARFF Employees Who Are Not Active Firefighters AR O-7 ARFF Overtime Cost AR O-8 ARFF Responses within Mandated Response Times (%) AR K-4 ARFF Salary & Benefits Cost AR O-9 ARFF Staffing versus ARFF Index AR O-10 Arrival Delay per Flight SQ K-3 Asset Value per Employee FN O-24 Assignments Completed in a Given Year – Number of LG O-1 Assignments Completed in a Given Year (%) LG O-2 Assignments Opened in a Given Year – Number of LG O-3 Assignments to Legal Department Completed on Time (%) LG O-4 Attendees at Safety Seminars – Number of SR O-1 Availability of Children’s Amenities SQ O-9 Available Seat Miles AS O-8 Average Acquisition Cost of Land per Square Foot PC O-6 Average Annual Hangar Space Rental Cost FN O-25 Average Annual Tie-Down Space Rental Cost FN O-26 Average Contract Planning and Bid Time PL O-5 Average Cost per Gallon Paid by General Aviation for Jet Fuel FL O-1 Average Cost per Gallon Paid for Aviation Gasoline FL O-2 Average Cycle Time of Key Financial Activities FN O-27 Average Downtime for Passenger Screening Equipment PS O-3 Average Duration – Parking in LTP and STP PK O-1 Average Gross Revenue per Vehicle Parked PK O-2 Average Interest Rate Paid on Long-Term Debt FN O-28 Average Interest Rate Paid on PFC-Backed Debt FN O-29 Average Interest Rate Paid on Total Debt FN O-30 Average Landed Weight – Change over Prior Period AS K-1 Average Length of Time for Processing Security Badging PS O-4 and Credentialing Applications Average Load Factor AS O-9 Average Number of Seats per Airline Operation AS O-10 Average Open Positions Filled in Pay Range (by Quadrant) HR O-4 Average PFC per Enplaned Passenger FN O-31 Average PFC Refunds per Reporting Period FN O-32 Average Processing Time for Short- and Long-Term Parking SQ O-10 Average Salary Increase HR O-5 Average Seats per Flight – Change over Prior Period AS K-2 Average Taxi Time Gate to Runway End During Snow/Ice Events AO O-5 Average Time Airport Closed for Adverse Weather Excluding Snow/Ice Events AO O-6 Additional Resources 263

Average Time Airport Closed for Snow/Ice Events AO O-7 Average Time for Airport Operations to Clear Runways of Snow/Ice Accumulation AO O-8 Average Time from Long-Term Parking to the Passenger Terminal SQ O-11 Average Time to Process Routine Lease Extensions/Amendments PC O-7 Average Time to Resolve Terminal Work Order Requests TO O-2 Average Time to Settle Contractor Claims PL O-6 Average Transaction Time – International Passenger Processing TO O-3 B Baggage Claim – Passenger Perception SQ K-4 Based Aircraft GA C-18 Based Aircraft Counts AS O-11 Based Aircraft per FTE GA O-1 Benefit Cost per Employee HR O-6 Benefits as % of Total Compensation HR K-4 Bid Estimate to Actual Bid PL O-7 Bond Rating FN C-11 Budget Spent versus Work Completed – Specific Significant Capital Projects PL K-1 Budget Spent vs Percentage of Work Completed for Each Significant PL O-8 Airport Construction Project (%) Building Maintenance Cost – Total FN O-33 Building Maintenance Cost per Enplanement MN O-2 Buildings On-Airport That Are LEED Certified (%) EV O-3 Bulk IT Hardware Procurement (%) IT O-1 Business Services SQ O-12 C Capital Expenditure per Enplanement FN O-34 Carbon Footprint EV K-1 Cargo Economic Impact – Direct and Induced Expenditures CA O-6 Cargo Economic Impact – Direct and Induced Expenditures per Ton CA O-7 Cargo Economic Impact – Direct Jobs CA O-8 Cargo Economic Impact – Direct Jobs per Ton CA O-9 Cargo Fees Revenue to Airport per Warehouse Square Foot CA O-10 Cargo Operating Cost per Ton CA O-11 Cargo Operating Cost per Ton of CMGTW CA O-12 Cargo Operating Costs CA O-13 Cargo Revenue to the Airport as a Percent of Total Airport Operating Revenue CA O-14 Cargo Revenue to the Airport per Ton CA O-15 Cargo Space Leased per Ton Moved CA O-5 Cargo Tons – Change over Prior Period AS C-2 Cargo Tons Deplaned CA O-16 Cargo Tons Enplaned CA O-17 Cash Flow / Cap-X FN O-35 CCTV-Equipped Airfield and Perimeter Security Checkpoints – Number of PS O-5 CCTV-Equipped Airfield and Perimeter Security Checkpoints to Total (%) PS O-6 CCTV-Equipped Passenger Security Screening Checkpoints – Number of PS O-7 CCTV-Equipped Passenger Security Screening Checkpoints to Total (%) PS O-8 Certification Status of Environmental Management System EV O-4 Certifications Held by Specific Departments – Number of HR O-7 Change in Future Scheduled Airline Seats Year-over-Year AS O-12 264 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

Change Order Dollars as Compared to Original Contract Price (%) PL O-9 Change Orders – Number Outstanding for Each Significant Airport PL O-10 Construction Project Change Orders – Number per Airport Construction Project PL O-11 Change Orders as % of Base Budget – Specific Significant Capital Projects PL K-2 Charter Flights – Number of AS O-13 Check-In Rating Including Bag Check SQ O-13 Claim Cost per Million Enplaned Passengers SR O-6 Claims Settled vs Initial Amount of Claims for Each Significant Airport PL O-12 Construction Project (%) Closures for Adverse Weather AO K-1 Community Complaints – Average Time to Respond PA K-1 Community Complaints – Number Received PA K-2 Community Outreach Activities – Number of PA O-1 Comparable Pay in Critical Categories HR O-8 Complaints Regarding Signage Maintained by Airport SQ O-14 Complaints Regarding Signage Maintained by Airport Tenants SQ O-15 Concession Area per 1,000 Enplanements CN O-2 Concession Gross Sales per Enplanement CN K-1 Concession Gross Sales per Square Foot CN K-2 Concession Net Concession to Airport as Percentage of Gross Concession Sales CN O-3 Concession Revenue as a Percentage of Total Airport Revenue CN O-4 Concession Revenue Offsetting Airline Fees FN O-36 Concession Revenue to the Airport as % of Total Operating Revenue CN C-6 Concession Revenue to the Airport per Enplanement CN C-7 Concession Revenue to the Airport per Square Foot CN K-3 Concession Services Gross Sales CN O-5 Concessionaires and Airlines Participating in Airport-Wide Customer SQ O-16 Satisfaction Programs – Number of Concessionaires and Airlines Participating in Airport-Wide Safety SR O-7 Programs – Number of Consistent and Timely Plan Review and Permit Issuance (%) PL O-13 Construction & Demolition Waste Recycled/Reused/Composted (%) EV O-5 Construction Cost per Parking Space PL O-14 Construction Injuries SR K-4 Construction Projects – Actual vs. Budgeted Costs of Significant Projects PL C-25 Contract Deadlines Missed PC O-8 Contract Extensions – Number Given PC O-9 Contract Management Billing PC O-10 Contract Reviews Completed on Time (%) LG K-1 Contract Services Cost as % of Total Operating Cost FN K-4 Contractor Claims – Number vs Number of Airport Construction Projects PL O-15 Contractor Claims Settled without Litigation vs Total Number of Claims PL O-16 Contracts in Place by Renewal/Start Date (%) PC O-11 Contracts/Leases – Number Negotiated and Executed PC O-12 Cost of Claims from On-the-Job Employee Injuries per $100 of Total SR O-8 Airport Payroll Cost of Damages to Aircraft During Adverse Weather Events Other SR O-9 than Snow/Ice Cost of Damages to Terminals, Other Structures, During Adverse Weather SR O-10 Events Other than Snow/Ice Additional Resources 265

Cost of Elevator/Escalator/Moving Sidewalk Maintenance MN O-3 Cost of Equipment Failure FN O-37 Cost of Maintaining Roadways – Non-Airfield MN O-4 Cost of Maintenance – Fleet Types MN O-5 Cost of Maintenance – Specific Vehicles MN O-6 Cost of Police Officers Assigned to Airfield and Perimeter PS O-9 Cost of Police Officers Assigned to Passenger Screening PS O-10 Cost of Property Damage – On-Airport Accidents – Airport Operator SR O-11 Cost of Property Damage – On-Airport Accidents – Total Airport SR O-12 Cost to Budget Ratios FN O-38 Crimes Reported on the Airport PS K-2 Crown Rents Paid FN O-39 Curb Time per Arriving Vehicle PS O-11 Curb-to-Gate Distance SQ O-17 Curb-to-Gate Time SQ O-18 Current PFC Collection Level/Totals to Potential PFC Revenue FN O-40 Custodial/Janitorial Cost – Total MN O-7 Custodial/Janitorial Cost per Square Foot of Terminal MN K-2 Customer Complaints, Number of by Type SQ O-19 Customer Satisfaction Indicators SQ O-20 Customer Satisfaction with Airport SQ C-29 D Days Open Positions Remain Vacant After Being Posted – Number of HR O-9 Days Unrestricted Cash on Hand FN C-12 Days without Serious Accident/Injury on Airport Construction Projects SR O-13 DBE Contractor Fees as Percentage of Total Contractor Fees HR O-10 DBE Contractors Working at Airport on Annual Basis – Number of HR O-11 DBE/MBE Contracts as a Percentage of Total Contracts HR O-12 DBE/MBE Participation Rate on Specific Projects HR O-13 Debt – Other than Long-Term FN O-41 Debt / Equity Percentage FN O-42 Debt per Enplanement FN C-13 Debt per O&D Enplaned Passenger FN O-43 Debt per Operation FN O-44 Debt Ratio FN O-45 Debt Service as % of Operating Revenue FN K-5 Debt Service Coverage Ratio FN C-14 Debt Service Payments Net of PFCs per Enplanement FN O-46 Debt Service Safety Margin FN O-47 Declared Capacity of Airport AO O-9 Deicing – % Fluid Recovered EV K-2 Deicing Fluid Discharges per Total Deicing Operation – Total Airport EV O-6 Delay Curve SQ O-21 Departure Delay per Flight SQ K-5 Depreciation Cost per Enplanement FN O-48 Design Changes – Number for Each Significant Airport Construction Project: PL O-17 Direct CO2 Emissions EV O-7 Direct Operating Cost per Airport Employee FN O-49 Disabled Access SQ O-22 Disabled Employees HR O-14 266 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

Disaster Drills per Period – Number of AR O-11 Dollar Amount of Change Orders Outstanding for Each Significant PL O-18 Airport Construction Project Dollar Amount of Contractor Claims vs Total Dollar Amount PL O-19 of Airport Construction Projects Dollar Amount of Fees & Expenses Paid to Outside Counsel FN O-50 Dollar Value of Projects Completed PL O-20 Domestic Belly Cargo Tons Enplaned CA O-18 Domestic Cargo Flights CA O-19 Domestic Cargo Flights – Change over Prior Period AS K-3 Domestic Cargo Tons – Change over Prior Period CA K-3 Domestic Enplanements – Change over Prior Period AS O-14 Domestic Flights – Number of All Cargo AS O-15 Domestic Flights – Number of Passenger AS O-16 Domestic Freighter Cargo Tons Enplaned CA O-20 Domestic Landed Weight – All-Cargo Aircraft AS O-17 Domestic Landed Weight – Passenger Flights AS O-18 Domestic Transit Cargo in Tons CA O-21 Driver Courtesy – Airport Passenger Vehicles SQ O-23 Duration of Terminal Concession Leases CN O-6 Duty-Free Gross Sales CN O-7 Duty-Free Net Revenue to Airport CN O-8 Duty-Free Gross Sales per International Departing Passenger CN O-9 E Earnings (Net Revenues) FN O-51 Ease of Connection – Passenger Perception SQ K-6 EBIT Margin FN O-52 EBITDA FN O-53 Economic Impact AS K-4 Economic Impact of Cargo Operations CA K-4 Electric Cost per Enplanement EN O-4 Electric Cost per Terminal Bldg Area with Electric Service (s.f.) EN O-5 Electricity Consumption – Annual EN O-6 Electricity Consumption per Square Foot of Terminal – Annual EN O-7 Elements of Capital Funding as % of Total Capital Funding FN O-54 Elevators/Escalators/Moving Sidewalks – Number of MN O-8 Employee Accidents and Injuries – Lost Work Days SR C-27 Employee Attitude Change Scores HR O-15 Employee Evaluations – Timeliness HR K-5 Employee Job Satisfaction HR K-6 Employee Lost Time to Illness or Accident – Airport Operator SR O-14 Employee Opinion on Management Policies HR O-16 Employees Participating in a Ride-Share or Other Employee Trip-Reduction SQ O-24 Program – Number of Employees Using Public Transport (%) SQ O-25 Energy Consumption per Square Foot of All Airport Buildings EN O-8 Energy Consumption per Square Foot of Terminal Area EN O-9 Energy Costs per Enplanement EN O-10 Energy-Efficient Entryways in Airport-Owned/Operated EN O-11 Buildings – Percentage of Energy-Efficient Lighting in Use – Airport Wide – Percentage of EN O-12 Additional Resources 267

Energy-Efficient Lighting in Use in Terminals – Percentage of EN O-13 Energy-Efficient Windows in Airport-Owned/Operated EN O-14 Buildings – Percentage of Enplaned Cargo Tons per Airport Employee CA O-22 Enplanements – Change over Prior Period AS C-3 Enplanements per Airport Employee FN O-55 Enplanements per Airport Employee HR K-7 Enplanements per Gate TO K-1 Enplanements per Terminal Square Foot TO K-2 Environmental Program Capital Budget EV O-8 Environmental Program Operating Budget EV O-9 Environmental Reviews – Timeliness of Completion EV K-4 Environmental Violations – Number of NOVs EV K-5 Error Rates in Processing Benefit Claims HR O-17 Errors in Accounting Reports FN O-56 Escalators, Moving Walkways, and Elevators – Percent of Time in Service MN K-3 Existence of Environmental Management System EV O-10 F FAA Cargo Discretionary Funding per Cargo Ton GR O-1 FAA Discretionary Funding per Enplanement GR O-2 FAA Discretionary Grant Funding Awarded Annually GR K-1 FAA Entitlement Funding GR O-3 FAA Total Grant Funding Awarded Annually GR K-2 Failure to Challenge Violations PS O-12 Failure to Display Security Badge Violations PS O-13 Fatalities on Airport Construction Projects – Number of SR O-15 FBO Revenue to the Airport – Change over Prior Period CN K-4 Firefighters – Number of AR O-12 Fires – Number of AR O-13 Fleet Usage by Type of Vehicle MN O-9 Flexibility of Police Staffing PS O-14 Flight Ground Delays SQ O-26 Flights Arriving More than 30 Minutes Late (%) SQ O-27 Flights Departing More than 30 Minutes Late (%) SQ O-28 Flights in Compliance with Noise Abatement Procedures (%) EV O-11 Flights per Day AS O-19 FOD – Number of Items Found per Inspection AO-K-2 FOD Damage ($) AO O-10 Food & Beverage – Pricing CN O-10 Food & Beverage – Quality CN O-11 Food & Beverage – Range of Offerings CN O-12 Food & Beverage Gross Sales CN O-13 Food & Beverage Net Revenue to Airport CN O-14 Fossil Fuel to Total Fuel Usage – Percentage of EN O-15 Frequency of FOD Inspections SR O-16 Frequency of Ground Transportation Service SQ O-29 Frequency of Internal Performance Auditing of Departments and Activities FN O-57 Fuel Consumption of Airport Vehicles EN O-16 Fuel Discharges per Total Fueling Operations – Total Airport EV O-12 Fuel Sales Net Profit/Loss or Fuel Flowage Fees FL K-1 268 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

Fuel Use/Sales – Change over Prior Period GA C-19 Full Time Equivalent (FTE) Employees – Number of HR O-18 G Gallons of Fuel Sold per Flight – Commuters/Regional FL O-3 Gallons of Fuel Sold per Flight – Domestic FL O-4 Gallons of Fuel Sold per Flight – Freighters (Cargo) FL O-5 Gallons of Fuel Sold per Flight – International FL O-6 Gallons per Refueling Unit (Trucks, Filters, Meters, Fuel Pits) FL O-7 Gas Mileage – Vehicles and Ground Equipment Fleet – Airport MN O-10 Gas Mileage – Vehicles and Ground Equipment Fleet – Tenants MN O-11 Gate Availability SQ O-30 Gate Utilization TO K-3 Gates – Number of TO O-6 Governing Body Employees Dedicated to Airport – Number of HR O-19 Grant Funding Other than FAA Awarded Annually GR K-3 Grievance Settlements Costs HR O-20 Ground Equipment Damage During Snow/Ice Events SR O-17 Ground Power In-Service Percentage MN O-12 Groundskeeping Maintenance Cost per Acre MN O-13 H Hangar Rental and Ground Lease Income GA C-20 Hangar Rental Rates Compared to Nearby Airport PC K-1 Heating & Cooling Degree Days EN O-17 Hits on Airport Website AS O-20 Homes in 65 Ldn That Have Avigation Easements Attached (%) EV O-13 Homes in 65 Ldn That Have Been Mitigated (%) EV O-14 Homes Subjected to Specified Noise Level (%) EV O-15 Hotel Net Revenue to Airport CN O-15 Hours Flown GA O-2 Hours per Firefighter per Week AR O-14 HVAC Cost per Enplanement MN O-14 HVAC Cost per Terminal Building Area with HVAC Service (s.f.) MN O-15 HVAC Equipment Meeting Energy-Efficiency Guidelines – Percentage of EN O-18 I Indirect CO2 Emissions EV O-16 Injuries and Incidents – Passengers and Other Public On-Airport – SR O-18 Number of Injuries per FTE SR K-5 Insurance Premium Costs per Enplaned Passenger SR O-19 Interest Payments on Debt Other than Long-Term FN O-58 Interest Payments on Long-Term Debt per 1000 Lbs Landed Weight FN O-59 Interest Payments on Long-Term Debt FN O-60 Interest Payments on Long-Term Debt per Cargo Ton FN O-61 Interest Payments on Long-Term Debt per Enplanement FN O-62 Interest Payments on PFC-Backed Debt FN O-63 International Arriving Passengers AS O-21 International Belly Cargo Tons Enplaned CA O-23 International Cargo Flights CA O-24 Additional Resources 269

International Cargo Flights – Change over Prior Period AS K-5 International Cargo Tons – Change over Prior Period CA K-5 International Enplanements – Change over Prior Period AS O-22 International Flights – Number of All Cargo AS O-23 International Flights – Number of Passenger AS O-24 International Freight Tons Enplaned CA O-25 International Landed Weight – All-Cargo Aircraft AS O-25 International Landed Weight – Passenger Flights AS O-26 International Passengers to Total Passengers (%) AS O-27 International Transit Cargo in Tons CA O-26 Inter-Terminal Transportation – Wait Times at Peak Periods SQ O-31 Inventory Shrinkage (%) FN O-64 Investment Income FN O-65 Investment Income as % of Invested Assets FN K-6 IT Customer Satisfaction IT O-2 IT Network Security – Number of Attacks IT O-3 IT Network Security – Containment IT O-4 IT Network Security – ISS Reviews IT O-5 IT Network Security – PCI Compliance and Reporting IT O-6 IT Network Security – Vulnerability Identification IT O-7 IT System Maintenance Rework (%) IT O-8 IT System Security – Denial of Service IT O-9 IT System Security – Intrusion Prevention (%) IT O-10 IT Systems – Airport Website Content Posting IT O-11 IT Systems – Data Back Up Completion (%) IT O-12 IT Systems – Data Restoration (%) IT O-13 IT Systems – Equipment Malfunctions Advance Warning (%) IT O-14 IT Systems – Hardware Compatibility Assurance (%) IT O-15 IT Systems – Software Compatibility Assurance (%) IT O-16 IT Systems – Software Quality Assurance (%) IT O-17 IT Systems – Website Links Malfunctioning (%) IT O-18 IT Systems – Workstation Customer Information (%) IT O-19 IT Systems – Workstation Repair (%) IT O-20 IT Systems – Workstation Service Time IT O-21 J Jet Bridge In-Service Percentage MN O-16 Jet Bridge Maintenance Cost MN K-4 L Labor Cost per Refueling Unit FL O-8 Labor Costs – Fueling Operations FL O-9 Labor Grievances – Number of HR O-21 Labor Utilization Rates FN O-66 Landed Weight (000 Lbs) FN O-67 Landing Fee Rate PC C-26 Landing Fee Revenues FN O-68 Landscaping That Is “Xeriscape” Landscaping (%) EV O-17 Landscaping Water Usage That Comes from a Water Re-Use/Recapture EV O-18 Program (%) Landside (Excl. Terminals) Energy Consumption EN O-19 270 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

LEED Building Projects – % New Building Projects Being Built to EV K-3 LEED Standards Legal Dept Budget % Represented by Fees & Expenses Paid to Outside Counsel LG O-5 Levels of Airport Funds Over Time FN O-69 Long-Term (Daily) Parking Spaces per O&D Passenger – Number of PK O-3 Long-Term Debt as % of Total Assets FN O-70 Long-Term Goals Achieved (%) FN O-71 Longevity of Consumables in Various Categories vs Expected Lives FL O-10 Long-Term Debt FN O-72 Long-Term Debt per 1000 Lbs Landed Weight FN O-73 Long-Term Debt per Enplaned Cargo Ton CA O-27 Long-Term Debt per Enplanement FN K-7 Lost Work Days per FTE SR K-6 M M/W/DBE Participation Rate; Actual vs. Goal HR C-21 Maintain Effective Working Relationship with Airline Tenants – Subjective PC O-13 Maintenance Cost per Parking Space PK O-4 Maintenance Cost per Square Foot of Terminal MN K-5 Maintenance Inspections per Year MN O-17 Maintenance Work Orders per Vehicle MN O-18 Material & Supply Costs per Enplaned Passenger FN O-74 Material Costs – Airport Fueling Operations FL O-11 Materials Cost per Refueling Unit FL O-12 Matters Referred for Handling by Outside Counsel – Number of LG O-6 Matters Referred for Handling by Outside Counsel (%) LG O-7 Maximum Throughput Capacity of Airport (Saturation Capacity) AO O-11 Mean Time to Repair IT K-1 Mechanic Man-Hours – Fueling Operations FL O-13 Mechanical Systems – Duration of System Failure MN O-19 Media Calls Responded to within the Same Day – Number of PA O-2 Media Inquiries – Number Received PA K-3 Media Mentions – Number PA K-4 Media Outreach Contacts – Number of PA O-3 Minimum Flight Connecting Times SQ O-32 Minority Employees at Upper Management Levels (%) HR O-22 Minority Employees to Total Employees (%) HR O-23 N Net Fixed Assets FN O-75 Net Operating Income per Enplanement FN K-8 Net Operating Revenue FN O-76 Net Operating Revenue After Debt Service FN O-77 Net Working Capital (Operating Liquidity) FN K-9 Network-in-Service Time (%) IT K-2 New Certifications Acquired – Number of HR O-24 News & Gift – Pricing CN O-16 News & Gift – Quality CN O-17 News & Gift – Range of Offerings CN O-18 News & Gift Concession Gross Sales CN O-19 News & Gift Concession Net Revenue to Airport CN O-20 Additional Resources 271

Night Operations – % Using Preferential Runways EV K-6 Night Operations – Preferential Runways Used (%) EV O-19 Noise Abatement Procedures – % Compliance EV K-7 Noise – Number of Homes within 65 dBA DNL EV K-8 Non-Aeronautical Operating Revenue as % of Total Operating Revenue FN C-15 Non-Aeronautical Operating Revenue per Enplanement FN C-16 Non-Aeronautical Revenue from Reliever Airports FN O-78 Non-Aeronautical Revenue Generated Through New (Not Replacement) FN O-79 Businesses Non-Airfield Acreage Developed FN O-80 Non-Airline Operations AS O-28 Non-Commercial Traffic as a Percentage of Total Traffic AS O-29 Non-Operating Cost per Enplanement FN O-81 Nonstop Destinations – Change in Number of Domestic & International AS C-4 Nonstop Domestic Destinations – Number of AS O-30 Nonstop International Destinations – Number of AS O-31 Nuclear Energy Used on Airport – Percentage of EN O-20 Number of Aircraft Noise Complaints EV O-20 Number of Airport Patrons Utilizing Pay-On-Foot Parking EV O-21 Number of Clean-Fuel Vehicles Owned by Airport EV O-22 Number of Flight Track Violations EV O-23 Number of Flights per Gate by Individual Carrier TO O-4 Number of Flights per Gate per Day TO O-5 Number of Jet Bridges on Airport TO O-12 Number of LEED-Certified Buildings on Airport EV O-24 Number of Staff Reporting to Environmental Manager EV O-25 Number of Tons of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycled/Reused/ EV O-26 Composted Number of Tons of Solid Waste Recycled/Reused/Composted EV O-27 Number of Violations of Airport Ground Run-Up Procedures EV O-28 O O&D Passengers FN O-82 O&D Passengers – Change over Prior Period AS O-32 O&D Passengers % of Total Passengers AS O-33 Occupancy in Airport Parking Facilities PK O-5 Occupational Injuries and Illness – Total Airport – Number of SR O-20 Occupational Injuries and Illnesses – Airport Operator – Compared with SR O-21 National Averages – Number of Off-Airport Cargo Warehouse Throughput CA O-28 On-Airport Cargo Warehouse Throughput per Square Foot CA O-29 Operating Cost per Enplanement FN C-17 Operating Cost per Enplanement (with Depreciation) FN O-83 Operating Cost per Operation FN K-10 Operating Margin FN O-84 Operating Revenue per Employee FN O-85 Operations per Airport Employee FN O-86 Operations per Gate TO O-9 OSHA-Reportable Injuries SR K-7 Other Concession and Development Net Revenues to Airport CN O-21 Other Concessions (Specialty Retail, Duty Free, Services) – Pricing CN O-22 272 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

Other Concessions (Specialty Retail, Duty Free, Services) – Quality CN O-23 Other Concessions (Specialty Retail, Duty Free, Services) – Range of Offerings CN O-24 Other Operating Expenses per Enplaned Passenger FN O-87 Outside Contract Services Cost as Percentage of Direct Operating Cost FN O-88 Outside Counsel Fees & Expenses LG K-2 Overtime Cost as a Percentage of Total Wages HR O-25 Overtime Cost as Percent of Total Wages HR K-8 Overtime Cost as Percentage of Police Salary and Benefits Cost PS O-15 Overtime Cost as Percentage of Total ARFF Cost AR O-15 Overtime Cost for LEOs Assigned to Airfield and Perimeter Security PS O-16 Overtime Cost for Police Officers Assigned to Passenger Screening PS O-17 P Parking Demand by Day PK O-6 Parking Demand by Hour PK O-7 Parking Gross Revenue PK O-8 Parking Gross Revenue per O&D Passenger PK O-9 Parking Net Revenue to the Airport per O&D Passenger PK O-10 Parking Revenue Gross Sales PK O-11 Parking Revenue Net Revenue to Airport PK O-12 Parking Revenue per Transaction PK K-1 Parking Revenue to the Airport per Originating Passenger PK C-24 Parking Spaces PK K-2 Parking Spaces – Number On – and Off – Airport PK O-13 Parking Spaces per O&D Passenger – Number of PK O-14 Parking Transactions per Month by Parking Product PK K-3 Parking Utilization – Peak Period PK K-4 Passenger Airline Aeronautical Fees PC K-2 Passenger Assistance Services SQ O-33 Passenger Flights – Change in Number of Domestic & International AS C-5 Passenger Perception of Cleanliness SQ O-34 Passenger Perception of Departure Lounge Seat Availability SQ O-35 Passenger Sensitive Equipment In-Service Percentage MN O-20 Passenger Wait Times at Major Processing Sites SQ O-36 Passengers Traveling to Markets Served by Nonstop Flights (%) AS O-34 Pay-On-Foot Parking Users to Total Number of Patrons Parking (%) EV O-29 Peak Period AO O-12 People Taking Airport Tours – Number of PA O-4 Percent of Arriving Flights Delayed SQ K-7 Percent of Departing Flights Delayed SQ K-8 Percent of Hangar Space Leased PC K-3 Percent of Terminal Space Leased PC K-4 Performance Reviews Over Time for Total Work Force – Number of HR O-26 Personnel Cost per Enplanement FN K-11 Personnel Lost Time Costs FN O-89 PFC-Backed Debt per Enplanement FN O-90 Piggybacking Violations per Year PS O-18 Pilot Counts GA O-3 Police & Security Guard Costs – Change over Prior Period PS K-3 Police & Security Guard Costs per Enplanement PS K-4 Police Cost per Enplanement PS O-19 Additional Resources 273

Police Cost per Security Checkpoint PS O-20 Police Department Cost per Sworn Officer PS O-21 Police Department Salary & Benefits Cost PS O-22 Police Management Employees Other than Active-Duty Sworn Officers PS O-23 Police Officers Assigned to Passenger Screening – Number PS O-24 Police Overtime Cost PS O-25 Police Overtime Cost as Percentage of Total Police Department Cost PS O-26 Police Response within Federal Security Requirements per Number of PS O-27 Police Security Responses Police Responses within Federal Security Requirements PS O-28 Positive vs. Negative Mentions (%) PA O-5 Practical Hourly Capacity AO K-3 Pre- & Post-Test Scores from Training Programs HR O-27 Pre-Conditioned Air In-Service Percentage MN O-21 Press Releases Issued – Number of PA O-6 Preventative Maintenance Costs Compared to Total Maintenance Costs FN O-91 Preventive Maintenance Hours Spent MN O-22 Private Investment at the Airport FN O-92 Private Sector Contracts – Number of PC O-14 Privately-Operated Off-Airport Parking Spaces as Percent of Total PK K-5 Parking Spaces Profit Margin FN O-93 Project Completion Relative to Schedule – Specific Significant PL K-3 Capital Projects Project Cost versus Budget – Specific Significant Capital Projects PL K-4 Projected to Actual PFC Collections FN O-94 Projects Completed – Number PL O-21 Promptness of Payment to Vendors and Contractors PC O-15 Properties Contract Administration – Accuracy of Tracking in Database PC O-16 Property Transactions Completed on Timely Basis as Required by PC O-17 CIP – Percent Public Restroom Sinks Equipped with Automatic Shutoff/Water Flow EV O-30 Control Devices (%) Public Restroom Toilets with Low-Flow Devices (%) EV O-31 Publication of Annual Environmental Report – Y/N EV O-32 Punch List Items – Number Outstanding for Each Significant Airport PL O-22 Construction Project Purchases Included in “Green Purchasing” Program as % of Eligible EV O-33 Purchases (%) R Ratio of Airport Central Staff to Total Staff Employees HR O-28 Ratio of Parking Net Revenue to Parking Gross Sales PK O-15 Ratio of Productive Labor Hours to Actual Labor Hours FN O-95 Reduction in Discharged De-Icing Material to Nearby Waterways (%) EV O-34 Refueler Man-Hours per Shift FL O-14 Refueler Staffing Man-Hours FL O-15 Relative Levels of Airport Cost Elements per Enplanement FN O-96 Relative Levels of Airport Revenue Elements per Enplanement FN O-97 Renewable Energy Compared to Total Energy Consumption, Airfield – EN O-21 Percentage of 274 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

Renewable Energy Compared to Total Energy Consumption, Landside EN O-22 (Excl. Terminals) – Percentage of Renewable Energy Generated by the Airport (%) EN K-3 Renewable Energy Purchased by the Airport (%) EN K-4 Renewable Energy Used on Airport – Percentage of EN O-23 Renewable Energy Utilized Compared to Total Energy Consumption, EN O-24 Terminal Complex – Percentage of Rental Car Fleet Comprised of Low-Emissions or Alternative Fuel Vehicles (%) EV O-35 Rental Car Revenue Gross Sales CN O-25 Rental Car Revenue Net Revenue to Airport CN O-26 Rental Car Revenue to Airport per Enplanement CN O-27 Rental Car Revenue to the Airport per Destination Passenger CN C-8 Repair Cost per Refueling Unit FL O-16 Repair Costs – Fueling Operations FL O-17 Reportable Discharges, Number EV K-9 Response Time to Community Complaints PA O-7 Return on Cash Balances FN O-98 Return on Equity FN O-99 Revenue Passenger Miles AS O-35 Revenue per Day per Parking Space PK K-6 Revenue to Expenditure Ratio FN O-100 Roadways – Airfield AO O-13 Routine Reports – Percent on Time FN O-101 Routine Reports per Accountant FN O-102 Runway Clearing Time – Average for Snow/Ice AO K-4 Runway Incursions SR C-28 Runway Incursions by Aircraft During Adverse Weather SR O-22 Runway Incursions by Aircraft During VMC SR O-23 Runway Incursions by Ground Vehicles During Adverse Weather SR O-24 Runway Incursions by Ground Vehicles During VMC SR O-25 Runway Light Damage per Snow Event AO O-14 Runway Longevity AO O-15 Runway Longevity vs Expected Useful Lives AO O-16 Runway Maintenance Cost MN O-23 Runway/Taxiway Maintenance Cost MN K-6 Runways – Number of AO O-17 S Safety Code Violations SR K-8 Safety Seminars Conducted – Number of SR O-26 Salaries, Wages & Benefits as Percentage of Direct Operating Cost FN O-103 Salaries, Wages & Benefits Cost – Total FN O-104 Salaries, Wages & Benefits Cost per Enplanement FN O-105 Salaries, Wages & Benefits Costs per 1000 Lbs Takeoff Weight HR O-29 Salary & Benefits & Expenses Cost of In-House Legal Staff vs Fees & Expenses LG O-8 Paid to Outside Counsel Salary + Wages + Benefits Cost as % of Total Operating Cost HR C-22 Salary + Wages + Benefits Cost per Airport Employee HR C-23 Schedule Performance for Each Significant Airport Construction Project PL O-23 Security Alarms – Airfield and Perimeter – Number of PS O-29 Security Alarms Terminal Area – Number of PS O-30 Additional Resources 275

Security Badges Pulled – Number of PS O-31 Security Breaches and Violations PS O-32 Security Checkpoint Rating SQ O-37 Security Checkpoint Throughput Times PS O-33 Security Cost per Enplaned Passenger PS O-34 Security False Alarms Terminal Area – Number of PS O-35 Security FTE Headcount PS O-36 Security Inspections Conducted – Number of PS O-37 Security Responses within Established Response Time (%) PS K-5 Senior Debt Service Coverage FN O-106 Serious Accidents/Injuries on Airport Construction Projects – Number of SR O-27 Short Term Parking Spaces per O&D Passenger – Number of PK O-16 Short-Term Debt per Enplanement FN O-107 Specialty Retail Gross Sales CN O-28 Specialty Retail Net Revenue to Airport CN O-29 Speed of Grant Application Processes and Receipt of Funds GR O-4 Stage 2 Operations < 75,000 Lbs EV K-10 Successful Outcomes in Litigation (%) LG O-9 Surveys – Number and Frequency of SQ O-38 Sustained Capacity of Airport AO O-18 Sworn Police Officer Average Salary (5+ Years Experience) PS K-6 T Taxi Revenues to Airport CN O-30 Taxi Availability – Numbers SQ O-39 Taxi Availability – Wait Times SQ O-40 Taxi Time – Gate to Runway End, Adverse Weather vs. Normal AO O-19 Taxi Time – Gate to Runway End, Peak vs. Unimpeded AO K-5 Taxicabs Comprised of Low Emission or Alternative Fuel Vehicles (%) EV O-36 Taxiway Longevity AO O-20 Taxiway Longevity vs Expected Useful Lives AO O-21 Telecommunications Costs per Enplanement FN O-108 Tenant Vehicles – Average Years in Service MN O-24 Tenant Vehicles and Ground Service Equipment Converted to Energy- EN K-5 Efficient Types (%) Tenants Inspected Annually for Environmental Compliance (%) EV O-37 Terminal Area per Enplaned Passenger SQ O-41 Terminal Area with HVAC Service MN O-25 Terminal Building Custodial/Janitorial Cost MN O-26 Terminal Building Electricity Consumption per Square Foot – Change EN K-6 over Prior Period Terminal Building Maintenance Cost MN O-27 Terminal Concession Area in Use – Post-Security CN O-31 Terminal Concession Area in Use – Pre-Security CN O-32 Terminal Concession Gross Sales CN O-33 Terminal Concession Net Revenues to Airport per O&D Enplanement CN O-34 Terminal Construction Cost per Passenger PL O-24 Terminal Electric Cost EN O-25 Terminal Elevator/Escalator/Moving Sidewalk Maintenance Cost per Unit MN O-28 Terminal Elevator/Escalator/Moving Sidewalk Operating Cost per Unit MN O-29 276 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

Terminal Facilities Overall Rating SQ O-42 Terminal HVAC Cost MN O-30 Terminal Rental Rate PC K-5 Terminal Security Evacuations – Number of PS O-38 Terminal Square Footage per Airport Employee FN O-109 Terminal Utilities Cost per Terminal Building Area with Utility Service (s.f.) EN O-26 Terminal Work Order Requests Resolved to Total Number Received (%) TO O-11 Thefts in Passenger Screening Areas – Number of PS O-39 Thefts Reported in Terminal Area PS K-7 Time to Cure Negative Comments or Complaints SQ O-43 Time to Respond to Negative Comment Cards or Complaints SQ O-44 Tool Shrinkage (%) FN O-110 Total Airport Building Maintenance Cost per Area Maintained (S.F.) MN O-31 Total Airport Cost per 1000 Lbs Landed Weight FN O-111 Total Airport Cost per Cargo Ton CA O-30 Total Airport Costs FN O-112 Total Airport Custodial/Janitorial Cost per Enplanement MN O-32 Total Airport Debt FN O-113 Total Airport Electric Cost EN O-28 Total Airport Energy Consumption EN O-29 Total Airport Expenses per Acre FN O-114 Total Airport Interest Payments FN O-115 Total Airport Operating Cost per Airport Employee FN O-116 Total Airport Revenue FN O-117 Total Airport Utilities Cost EN O-30 Total Building Area with HVAC Service MN O-33 Total Dollar Value of PFC Refunds FN O-118 Total Dollar Value of PFCs Collected FN O-119 Total Grant Funding per Passenger GR O-5 Total HVAC Cost MN O-34 Total Landed Weight – Change over Prior Period AS K-6 Total Landside Revenue per Enplanement FN O-120 Total Maintenance Cost per Square Foot of Buildings and Paved Areas FN O-121 Total Outside Contract Services Cost FN O-122 Total PFC-Backed Debt FN O-123 Total Police Department Employees PS O-40 Total Professional Services Costs FN O-124 Total Revenue to the Airport from Cargo Activities CA O-31 Total Terminal Area Dedicated to Concessions CN O-35 Total Terminal Concession Area in Use CN O-36 Total Utilities/Energy Cost-Terminal Buildings-Change over Prior Period EN O-27 Total Water and Sewer Cost EV O-38 Touch and Go Operations AO O-22 Tours Conducted and Special Events Sponsored – Number of PA O-8 Traffic Management Cost per Enplanement PS O-41 Traffic Tickets Issued – Number of PS O-42 Training / Course Student-Hours HR O-30 Training / Course Volume – Various Specific Departments/Functions HR O-31 Training / Customer Satisfaction HR O-32 Training / Updates and New Course Development HR O-33 Additional Resources 277

Training Cost per Airport Employee HR O-34 Training Hours per Employee HR K-9 Training Hours per Employee – Number of HR O-35 Transit System In-Service Percentage SQ O-45 Transportation Services Net Revenue to Airport CN O-37 Truck Waiting Time CA O-32 Turnover Rate of Probationary Employees HR O-36 U Unrestricted Financial Assets (Including Cash) FN O-125 Usable Gates – Number of TO O-7 Usable Gates in Service – Number TO O-8 Usable Gates in Service (%) TO O-10 Utilities/Energy Cost per Square Foot of Terminal Building EN K-8 Utilities/Energy Cost, Airport Total – Change over Prior Period EN K-7 Utility Costs per Enplanement EN O-31 Utility Costs per Square Footage – Terminal Complex EN O-32 Utilization Level of Parking Spaces PK O-17 V Vacancies Compared with Total Jobs – Number of HR O-37 Value Added per Employee FN O-126 Vehicle Accidents on Airport Premises SR K-9 Vehicle Maintenance Cost MN O-35 Vehicle Maintenance Cost per Enplanement MN O-36 Vehicle Maintenance Cost per Vehicle MN O-37 Vehicles – Number of MN O-38 Vehicles Parked per O&D Passenger PK O-18 Vehicles Parked per Originating Passenger PK K-7 Violation of Security Rules Airfield and Perimeter PS O-43 W Wait Times at Major Processing Sites Other than Security Checkpoints SQ K-9 Wait Times at Security Checkpoints SQ K-10 Warning Citations Issued per Year PS O-44 Waste and Disposables Recycled (%) EV O-39 Waste Recycling EV K-11 Water & Sewer Cost per Enplanement EV O-40 Water & Sewer Cost per Terminal Bldg Area With Water & Sewer Service (S.F.) EV O-41 Water Consumption – Change over Prior Period EV O-42 Water Consumption per Enplanement EV O-43 Waterless Public Restroom Urinals and Toilets (%) EV O-44 Wayfinding – Passenger Perception SQ K-11 Weight of Waste/Disposables Recycled EV O-45 WI-FI Gross Sales CN O-38 Wildlife/Bird Alerts SR O-28 Wildlife/Bird Strikes AO K-6 Wildlife/Bird Strikes – Aircraft, per Number of Aircraft Operations SR O-29 Wildlife/Bird Strikes – Ground Vehicles MN O-39 Women Employees at Upper Management Levels to Total Upper HR O-38 Management (%) 278 Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators

Women Employees to Total Employees (%) HR O-39 Work Orders Completed within Guidelines (%) MN O-40 Workers Compensation Claims – Number SR O-30 Workers Compensation Claims Paid SR K-10 Workers Compensation Experience Rating Modification Factor SR O-31 Workforce Diversity HR K-10 Work-Load Units (WLU) FN O-127 Additional Resources 279