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48 OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE OBSERVATIONS International TOGA Project Office (ITPO). 1992. Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) (A Project of the World Climate Research Programme), International Implemen- tation Plan, fourth edition. ICSU/WMO/IOC/SCOR, ITPO-No. 1. International TOGA Project Office, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 73+ pp. Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI). 1992. Ad Hoc Working Group Repon: Sea Surface Temperature. R.M. Clancy and R.A. Weller, eds. Joint Oceanographic Institu- tions, Inc., Washington, D.C. Knox, R.A., and D. Halpern. 1982. Long range Kelvin wave propagation of transpon varia- tions in Pacific Ocean equatorial currents. J. Mar. Res. 40(Suppl.):329-339. Kousky, V.E., M.T. Kagano, and I.F.A. Cavalcanti. 1984. A review of the Southern Oscilla- tion: Oceanic-atmospheric circulation changes and related rainfall anomalies. Tellus 364:490-504. Lamb, P.J. 1978. Case studies of tropical Atlantic surface circulation patterns during recent sub-Saharan weather anomalies: 1967 and 1968. Mon. Weather Rev. 106:482-491. Lamb, P.J., and R.A. Peppler. 1991. West Africa. Pp. 121-189 in Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate Anomalies. M. Glantz, R. Katz, and N. Nicholls, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. Legler, D.M. 1991. Errors of five-day mean surface wind and temperature conditions due to inadequate sampling. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 8:705-712. Meyers, G., H. Phillips, N. Smith, and J. Sprintall. 1992. Space and time scales for optimal interpolation of temperature-tropical Pacific Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr. 28:189-218. Moura, A., and J. Shukla. 1981. On the dynamics of droughts in Northeast Brazil: Observa- tions, theory and numerical experiments with a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci. 38:2653-2675. National Research Council (NRC). 1990. TOGA: A Review of Progress and Future Opponu- nities. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Phillips, H., R. Bailey, and G. Meyers. 1990. Design of an Ocean Temperature Observing Network in the Seas North of Australia. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Re- search Organization Marine Laboratories Repon No. 211. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Hoban, Tasmania, Australia. Provisional Working Group. 1991. M.A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik (chairpersons). Prospectus for a Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Program on Seasonal to Interannual Prediction. NOAA Climate and Global Change Special Repon No. 4. University Corpo- ration for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo., 46 pp. Rasmusson, E.M., and T.H. Carpenter. 1982. Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niiio. Mon. Weather Rev. 110:354-384. Rasmusson, E.M., X. Wang, an~ C.F. Ropelewski. 1990. The biennial component of ENSO variability. J. Marine Systems 1:71-96. Reynolds, R.W., and T.M. Smith. 1993. Improved Global Sea Surface Temperature Analyses Using Optimum InterpOlation. National Meteorological Center, U.S. Department of Commerce. 59 pp. (Submitted to J. Climate) Servain, J. 1991. Simple climatic indices for the tropical Atlantic Ocean and some applica- tions. J. Geophys. Res. 96:15137-15146. TOGA Numerical Experimentation Group. 1992. Repon of the Fifth Session. ICSUIWMO/ IOC/SCOR. WCRP No. 73, WMO TD No. 487. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. U.S. WOCE Office. 1992. U.S. WOCE Implementation Plan. Repon No.4. U.S. WOCE Office, College Station, Tex. 1110 pp. Wagner, R.G., and A.M. da Silva. In press. Surface condition associated with anomalous rainfall in the Guinea coastal region. Int. J. Climatol.
REFERENCES 49 World Climate Research Programme/TOGA Scientific Steering Group. 1985. Scientific Plan for the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Programme. WCRP Publications Series, No. 3/WMO TO No. 64. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 1991. The Accuracy of Ships' Meteorological Observations/Results of the VSOP-NA. WMO TD No. 455 . World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Yasunari, T. 1987. Global structure of the El Niilo/Southem Oscillation. Part II. Time evolution. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. 65 :81-102. Zebiak, S.E. 1993. Air-sea interaction in the equatorial Atlantic region. J. Climate 6:1567- 1568.
