National Calibration Facility for Retroreflective Traffic Control Materials (2005)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………… vii LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………………….. ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………………………...…... xi ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………….… xii SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Overview……………………………………………………….5 Problem Statement and Research Approach Summary of Instrument Requirements Instrument Overview CHAPTER 2 Source Characteristics………………………………………………………….. 13 Strip Lamp Projection System Sphere Projection System CHAPTER 3 Goniometer Characteristics…………………………………………………….. 21 General Construction Requirements Goniometer Communications Three Axes of Rotation Three Axes of Translation Sample Holder and Depth Positioning The Rail System and Distance Dependence CHAPTER 4 Detector Characteristics………………………………………………………... 31 Three Axes Detector Stages Photometric Detection Spectroradiometric Detection CHAPTER 5 Absolute Alignment…………………………………………………………….. 39 Setting the Illumination Axis Absolute NIST Entrance Angle Components Alignment Absolute Observation Angle Alignment Absolute Rotation Angle Alignment CHAPTER 6 Overall Uncertainty Budget…………………………………………………… 45

ii CHAPTER 7 Calibration Service and Traceability to NIST………………………………… 47 Traceability to NIST Calibration Services Measurement Assurance Program (MAP) National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………….… 48 APPENDIX A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RETROREFLECTION STANDARDS…………....A-1 APPENDIX B UNCERTAINTY OF ADDITIONAL RETROREFLECTION ANGLES...B-1 APPENDIX C SAMPLE CALIBRATION REPORT………………….….………...….…...C-1 APPENDIX D SAMPLE MAP REPORT …………….………………….………….………D-1