Treatments Used at Pedestrian Crossings of Public Transit Rail Services (2015)

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REFERENCES 1 Fitzpatrick, K. J. Warner, B. L. Bentzen, M. A. Brewer, J. M. Barlow, and B. Sperry (2014). Guidebook on Pedestrian Crossings of Public Rail. Draft report, TCRP Project A- 38. Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. 2 Korve, H. W., B. D. Ogden, J. T. Siques, D. M. Mansel, H. A. Richards, S. Gilbert, E. Boni, M. Butchko, J. C. Stutts, and R. G. Hughes (2001). TCRP Report 69: Light Rail Service: Pedestrian and Vehicular Safety. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 3 Siques, J. T. (2001). “Pedestrian Warning and Control Devices, Guidelines, and Case Studies.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1762, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 4 Federal Highway Administration (2009). Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. 5 Federal Railroad Administration (2008). Compilation of Pedestrian Safety Devices in Use at Grade Crossings. Accessed from: http://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L02732. Accessed on: April 10, 2013. 6 Railroad/Light Rail Transit Technical Committee of the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (2013). RRLRT No 2a (9-08-12) Pathway Sidewalks with 1-10- 2013 Edits by RRLRT TC. 7 Federal Railroad Administration (2008). Compilation of Pedestrian Safety Devices in Use at Grade Crossings. Accessed from: http://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L02732. Accessed on: April 10, 2013. 8 Cleghorn, D., A. Clavelle, J. Boone, M. Masliah, H. S. Levinson (2009). TCRP Report 137: Improving Pedestrian and Motorist Safety Along Light Rail Alignments. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 9 U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration Office of Research and Development – Signal, Train Control, and Communication Division (2012). Presentation on Grade Crossing Safety and Trespass Prevention Research Program made at NJ TransAction Conference 2012. 10 PB Farradyne. (January 10, 2002). “Final Report for the Second Train Warning Sign Demonstration Project on the Los Angeles Metro Blue Line.” FTA-CA-26-7017-01, Los Angeles, CA, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, pp. 1– 69. 11 Sabra, Wang, & Associates, Inc. and PB Farradyne. (2002). TCRP Research Results Digest 51: Second Train Coming Warning Sign Demonstration Projects. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 12 Cleghorn, D., A. Clavelle, J. Boone, M. Masliah, and H. S. Levinson (2009). TCRP Web- Only Document 42: Selected Appendices for TCRP Report 137: Improving Pedestrian and Motorist Safety Along Light Rail Alignments. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 13 Ciarney, P. and K. Diamantopoulou. (1999). “Changes in Behaviour in Response to Two New Types of Treatment for Pedestrians.” 2nd Road Safety Research, Policing, Education Conference, Australia, Australian Transport Safety Bureau. pp. 587–592. 14 Farran, J. I. (2006). “Pedestrian and Motor Vehicle Traffic Control Practices for LRT – Innovations in the New Barcelona LRT System.” TRB 2006 Annual Meeting CDROM, pp. 1–6. 145

15 Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG). As amended through September 2002. Access from: http://www.access- board.gov/adaag/html/adaag.htm. Accessed on: April 8, 2013. 16 ADA Standards for Transportation Facilities. Effective November 29, 2006. Accessed from: http://www.access-board.gov/attachments/article/1417/ADAdotstandards.pdf. Accessed on: February 12, 2014. 17 Proposed Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way: Chapter R3: Technical Requirements. In Federal Register on July 26, 2011. Accessed from: http://www.access-board.gov/prowac/nprm.pdf. Accessed on: April 9, 2013. 18 Korve Engineering. (2007). TCRP Web-Only Document 35: Appendixes to TCRP Research Results Digest 84: Audible Signals for Pedestrian Safety in LRT Environments. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_webdoc_35.pdf. 19 Irwin, D. (2003). “Safety Criteria for Light Rail Pedestrian Crossings”. Transportation Research Circular E-C058, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 20 Huddard, K. W. and T. Thompson, T.,(5-16-1989). “LRT On-street Running - Design and Safety Issues.” Light Rapid Transit On-street, Digest No.80, London, UK, IEE Colloquium, pp. 7/1–7/9. 21 Korve, H. W., J. L. Farran, and D. M. Mansel. (1995). “Pedestrian Control Systems for Light Rail Transit.” 1995 Compendium of Technical Papers, pp. 499–503. 22 Korve, H. W., J. L. Farran, D. M. Mansel, H. S. Levinson, T. Chira-Chavala, and D. R. Ragland. (1996). TCRP Report 17: Integration of Light Rail Transit into City Streets. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 23 Kirschbaum, J. B., P. W. Axelson, P. E. Longmuir, K. M. Mispagel, J. A. Stein, and D. A. Yamada. (2001). Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access: Part II, Best Practices Design Guide. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. 24 MetroLink (2009). SCRRA Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Recommended Design Practices and Standards Manual. Accessed from: http://www.metrolinktrains.com/pdfs/EngineeringConstruction/Grade_Cross_Stand_Guidel ines_Manual_Jun29_09.pdf. Accessed on: April 9, 2013. 25 Delmonte, E. and S. Tong. (2011). Improving safety and accessibility at level crossings for disabled pedestrians, Rail Safety and Standards Board Ltd. 2011. Available at www.rssb.co.uk. 26 Railway Safety Principles and Guidance. Part 2. Section E. Guidance on Level Crossings (2005). Office of Rail Regulation [UK], Health and Safety Executive. 27 McPherson, C. and M. Daff. (2005). Safety of Pedestrians with Disabilities at Rail Crossings. Presented at the Institute for Transportation Engineers Annual Meeting. February 27–March 2, 2005, Las Vegas, Nevada. 28 McPherson, C., M. Daff, and S. M. Merz. (2005). Pedestrian Behaviour and the Design of Accessible Rail Crossings. Presented at the 28th Australasian Transport Research Forum, Sydney, Australia. 29 Rail Crossing Disability Access Toolkit (2003). Sinclair Knight Merz Pty. Limited, Malvern, Victoria, Australia. 146

30 Australian Standard. Manual of uniform traffic control devices, 2007, Part 7: Railway crossings, Section 6: Pedestrian and bicycle treatments. 31 Level Crossings: A guide for managers, designers and operators (2011). Office of Rail Regulation [UK]. Railway Safety Publication 7, December 2011. http://www.rail- reg.gov.uk/upload/pdf/level_crossings_guidance.pdf. 32 Currie, G. and P. Smith. (November 11, 2005). “An Innovative Design for Safe and Accessible Light Rail/Tram Stops Suitable for Streetcar Style Conditions.” 06-0279, Committee Number AP075, TRB Committee on Light Rail Transit, Transportation Research Board 2006 Annual Meeting CD-ROM, pp. 1–15. 33 Clark, R. (2008). Pedestrian-Rail Crossings in California. California Public Utilities Commission. 34 University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center. (2013). “Toolbox of Countermeasures and Their Potential Effectiveness for Pedestrian Crashes.” FHWA-SA- 014. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. 35 U.S. DOT, Federal Transit Administration. (April 10, 2013). “What is the National Transit Database,” Washington, D.C. http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/ntd.htm. 36 U.S. DOT, Federal Transit Administration, Office of Budget and Policy. (January 2013). National Transit Database (NTD) Safety & Security Reporting Manual – 2013 Reporting Year. Washington, D.C. http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/pubs/safetyRM/2013/2013%20S&S%20Reporting %20Manual.pdf. 37 U.S. DOT, Federal Transit Administration, “Safety & Security Time Series Data,” National Transit Database. Database. Washington, D.C. http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/data.htm. 38 U.S. DOT, Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Railroad Safety. (May 23, 2011). FRA Guide for Preparing Accident/Incident Reports. DOT/FRA/RRS-22, Effective July 1, 2011, Washington, D.C. http://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/officeofsafety/ProcessFile.aspx?doc=FRAGuideforPreparingA ccIncReportspubMay2011.pdf. 39 U.S. DOT, Federal Transit Administration, Office of Safety and Security. (2010). 2009 Rail Safety Statistics Report. Washington, D.C. http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/Rail_Safety_Statistics_Report_2009-FINAL.pdf. 40 U.S. DOT, Federal Transit Administration, Office of Safety and Security. (November 2006). Commuter Rail Safety Study. Washington, D.C. http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/CRSS.pdf. 41 Utah Transit Authority. UTA Ordinance Manual. available at: http://www.rideuta.com/mc/?page=RidingUTA-RiderRules-OrdinanceManual#Chapter5. Accessed on August 20, 2013. 42 California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2 - 2013 California Building Code, Volume 2, Chapter 11B, Section 11B-705. 147